-
1 acies
ăcĭēs, ēi, f. [v. 2. acer] ( gen. acii and [p. 23] acie, like dii and die, facii and facie, fr. dies, facies, Cn. Mat. ap. Gell. 9, 14; Caes. B. G. 2, 23; Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 208, or Sall. Fragm. ed. Kritz. p. 118; cf. Prisc. p. 780 P.), a sharp edge or point.I.Lit., of a sword, dagger, sickle, etc.:B.gladiorum,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 11: Vulg. Heb. 11, 34:securium,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 113:falcis,
Verg. G. 2, 365:hastae,
Ov. M. 3, 107:ferri,
Plin. 7, 15, 13.—Transf.1.Of the sense or faculty of sight,a.Keenness of look or glance, sharpness of vision or sight: oculorum, Lucil. ap. Non. 34, 32; cf. Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 4; Lucr. 1, 324;b.also acies alone,
id. 2, 420; and in plur., id. 4, 693:ne vultum quidem atque aciem oculorum ferre potuisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 39:pupula ad te dirigit aciem,
Cat. 63, 56:tanta tenuitas, ut fugiat aciem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 22:bonum incolumis acies, misera caecitas,
id. Fin. 5, 28, 84; so ib. 4, 24; Verg. A. 12, 558 al.—Hence,Concr., the pupil of the eye, Lucr. 3, 411; cf.c.with 414: acies ipsa, quā cernimus, quae pupula vocatur,
Cic. N. D. 2, 57:in Albania gigni quosdam glaucā oculorum acie,
Plin. 7, 2, 2 (cf. ib.: glaucis oculis); and poet. (as pars pro toto) for the eye, Lucr. 3, 363; 4, 249; 281; 358;720: huc geminas nunc flecte acies,
Verg. A. 6, 789; 12, 658 (hence the word is also used in the plur., cf. below, 2.).—A looking at an object with fixed attention, look, aim:2.ad eam rem habeo omnem aciem,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 38.—On the contr., prima acie, at the first glance, Lucr. 2, 448 (cf. primo aspectu, Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 98).—In milit. lang., the front of an army (conceived of as the edge of a sword), line of battle, battle-array.a.In abstr. (cf. Vitr. praef. 1. 7, p. 154 Rod.):b.quibus ego si aciem exercitus nostri ostendero,
Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 5:aciem instruere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 22:dirigere,
id. ib. 6, 8:extra aciem procurrere,
id. B. C. 1, 55:statuit non proeliis, neque in acie, sed alio more bellum gerendum,
Sall. J. 54; cf. Liv. 5, 41, 4;also of the arrangement of ships for a naval engagement,
Nep. Hann. 11; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 58.—Hence, metaph.The battlearray; in concr., an army drawn up in order of battle: acies est instructa a nobis decem cohortium, Galba ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 30:c.hostium acies cernebatur,
Caes. B. G. 7, 62: altera pars acii vitassent fluminis undas, Matius ap. Gell. 9, 14 (as transl. of Il. 21 init.):dubitavit acie pars, Sall. Fragm. l. l.: stabit ante aciem,
Vulg. Deut. 20, 2; 1 Par. 12, 33:prima acies hastati erant,
the van, the first line, Liv. 8, 8:tertiam aciem laborantibus subsidio mittere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 52: ab novissima acie, from the rear:ante signa procedere,
Liv. 8, 10:dextra acies (= dextrum cornu),
the right wing, Liv. 27, 48, 8:agmina magis quam acies pugnabant,
in marching order, rather than in order of battle, id. 25, 34 (acies is here, and in similar cases, considered as the sing. used collectively; v. Oud. and Herz. Caes. B. G. 7, 62; yet the plur. is more than probable). Rarely of cavalry, Liv. 8, 39; Vell. 2, 112.— Poet.: acies Vulcania, of a long line of fire, Verg. A. 10, 408.—The action of the troops drawn up in battlearray, a battle, engagement, = pugna: in acie celebri objectans vitam, Pac. ap. Non. 234, 25; Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 4: mea facta in acie obliti, Att. ap. Non. 502, 1:3.in acie Pharsalica,
Cic. Lig. 3; so id. Fam. 6, 3:in acie vincere,
Caes. B. G. 7, 29:dimicare,
ib. 7, 64:copias in aciem ducere,
Liv. 31, 34:producere in aciem,
Nep. Milt. 5:excedere acie,
Caes. B. C. 2, 41; Liv. 31, 17:direxerunt aciem contra eos,
Vulg. Gen. 14, 8; 2 Par. 18, 33.—Acies ferri, steel, Plin. 34, 14, 41.—4. II.Fig.A.(Acc. to I. B.) (like acumen.) Acuteness of the mind, sharpness, force, power (so very often in Cicero, but always with the gen. mentis, animi, ingenii):B.(cum animus) exacuerit illam, ut oculorum, sic ingenii aciem ad bona eligenda, etc.,
Cic. Leg. 1, 23, 60; so,ingenii,
id. Ac. 2, 39, 122:mentis,
id. N. D. 2, 17, 45; id. Tusc. 1, 30, 73:animi,
id. Sen. 23, 83; id. Phil. 12, 2; Vell. 2, 118, 4; cf.:rerum diversitas aciem intentionis abrumpit,
Flor. 1 prol., § 3.—A verbal contest, disputation, discussion, debate:orationis aciem contra conferam,
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20: ad philosophos me revocas, qui in aciem non saepe prodeunt, Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 60:nos jam in aciem dimicationemque veniamus,
id. Or. 13 fin.; cf. id. Opt. Gen. Or. 5, 17; Quint. 2, 10, 8; 6, 4, 17; 10, 1, 29. -
2 educo
1.ē-dūco, xi, ctum, 3 ( imper., educe, Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 11; id. Stich. 5, 6, 1:I.educ,
Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 10; Alcim. 5, 248 al.— Inf. pass. parag., educier, Plaut. Truc. 5, 16), v. a., to lead forth, draw out, bring away (very freq. and class.).In gen.:II.novam nuptam foras,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 1;so with personal objects, fidicinam,
id. Ep. 3, 4, 36 (opp. introducere):eram,
id. Mil. 4, 6, 53:virginem,
id. Pers. 4, 1, 11; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3 fin. al.; cf.also: populum e comitio,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 9:mulierem ab domo secum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 4:rete foras,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 18; cf.:pisces everriculo in litus,
Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 7:radicem e terra,
id. ib. 3, 10, 5:gladium,
Caes. B. G. 5, 44, 8; Sall. C. 51, 36; cf.:gladium e vagina,
Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14:gladium,
Vulg. Marc. 14, 47 al.:sortem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51 fin.; cf.:aliquos ex urna,
id. ib. 2, 2, 17:tribus,
id. Agr. 2, 8, 21:telum corpore,
Verg. A. 10, 744; cf. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83 et saep.:lacum (with emittere),
Cic. Div. 1, 44, 100; cf.fistulam,
Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 2:aquam in fossas,
Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 179; Dig. 8, 3, 29:se foras,
to go out, Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 4 Ruhnk. ad loc.; cf.:se multitudini,
to withdraw one's self from the multitude, Sen. Vit. Beat. 2 fin. —In partic.A.In all periods.1.Pub. law t. t.a.To bring, summon before court (cf. duco, I. B. 1.):b.cum in jus ipsum eduxi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47; cf.:ex domo in jus,
Quint. 7, 8, 6: SI. QVIS. EORVM. AD. ME. EDVCTVS. FVERIT., Edict. Praet. ap. Gell. 11, 17, 2:aliquem ad consules,
Cic. Planc. 23;and simply aliquem,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 26 Zumpt N. cr.; 2, 2, 37; 2, 3, 65.—Once also, to bring up or lead away for punishment (for which more commonly duco; v. Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 26):ad tintinnaculos educi viros,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 8.—Of persons in office, to take out with one to one's province: quos educere invitos in provinciam non potuit, eos retinere qui potuit? Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 5, 10, 76; so,2.medicum secum,
id. Pis. 34.—Milit. t. t., to lead forth, march out troops (very freq. in Caes.):3.Teleboae ex oppido Legiones educunt suas,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 63:praesidium ex oppido (opp introducere),
Caes. B. C. 1, 13, 2:cohortes ex urbe,
id. ib. 1, 12, 2:exercitum ab urbe,
Liv. 3, 21:copias e castris,
Caes. B. G. 1, 50, 1; 2, 8 fin.; 7, 13, 1; 7, 80, 1; id. B. C. 1, 43, 3 et saep.; Liv. 31, 37 al.;for which also: copias castris,
Caes. B. G. 1, 51, 2; 4, 13 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 68, 1; Verg. A. 11, 20;legiones ex hibernis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 3; 5, 27, 9; 7, 10, 1; Liv. 40, 39:ex finibus,
Caes. B. G. 4, 1, 4 et saep.; cf.also: impedimenta ex castris,
id. ib. 7, 68, 1.—Without designating the term. a quo:cohortes,
Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 2; id. B. C. 1, 41, 2; 1, 64, 6; Sall. J. 68, 2; Liv. 39, 15; Front. Strat. 1, 5, 22 et saep.; cf.: exercitum foras, Cato ap. Gell. 15, 13, 5:exercitum in expeditionem,
Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72:copias adversus Afranium,
Front. Strat. 1, 5, 9; 2, 2, 5 et saep.—And absol. of the general himself, to move out, march out (so mostly in Liv.; cf.duco): ex hibernis,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:ex oppido,
id. ib. 7, 81, 3; cf.:tribus simul portis,
Liv. 41, 26:ad legionem Pompeii duplici acie eduxit,
Caes. B. G. 3, 67, 3:in aciem,
Liv. 1, 23; 8, 9; 21, 39; Front. Strat. 2, 1, 5, al. —Naut. t. t., to bring out a ship from the harbor, to put to sea:b.naves ex portu,
Caes. B. C. 1, 57, 2; 2, 22, 5; 3, 26, 2;also: classem portu,
Plin. 2, 12, 9, § 55.—Hence,Transf., of goods, to export:4.equos ex Italia,
Liv. 43, 5, 9 (cf.:extra provinciam ducere,
Dig. 49, 16, 12, § 1).—In midwifery, t. t., to assist at birth:b.attractus infantem educit,
Cels. 7, 29 med.:per ipsas manus (infans) commode educitur,
id. ib. — So of birds, to bring out of the egg, to hatch:pullos suos,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 143; so,fetum,
Plin. 10, 54, 75, § 152 (with excludere); 9, 10, 12, § 37.—Hence,Transf.(α).To bring up, rear, a child (usually with reference to bodily nurture and support; while 2. educo refers usually to the mind; but the distinction is not strictly observed; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 395), to educate:(β).non possunt militares pueri setanio educier,
Plaut. Truc. 5, 16:bene ego istam eduxi meae domi et pudice,
id. Curc. 4, 2, 32; id. Most. 1, 3, 29; id. Rud. 1, 3, 38; Ter. And. 5, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 14 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 28, 124; Liv. 1, 39 fin.; 21, 43 Drak.; Tac. A. 1, 4; 41; Prop. 3, 9, 51 (4, 8, 51 M.); Verg. A. 7, 763; 8, 413; Col. 3, 10, 16; Curt. 3, 12, 16 al.— Trop.:senex plane eductus in nutricatu Venerio,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 55.—In gen., to bear, to produce = edere, Verg. A. 6, 765; 779: aura educit colores, * Cat. 64, 90.—5.In vulg. lang., to drink off, toss off, Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 18; 5, 6, 1.—With a punning allusion to the signif. 4. b. a, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 274.—B.Since the Aug. period.1.Of motion in an upward direction (cf. effero and erigo), to draw up, to raise:b.(Ortygia me) superas eduxit sub auras,
Ov. M. 5, 641; 3, 113; cf.trop.: (Pindarus) vires animumque moresque aureos educit in astra,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 23 (cf.:sustulit in astra,
Cic. Att. 2, 25).—With the accessory idea of making, to rear, erect, build up:2.turrim summis sub astra Eductam tectis,
Verg. A. 2, 461; cf.:aram sepulcri caelo,
id. ib. 6, 178; imitated by Sil. 15, 388:molem caelo,
Verg. A. 2, 186:turres altius,
Tac. A. 12, 16; id. H. 4, 30:pyramides instar montium,
id. A. 2, 61:moenia caminis Cyclopum,
Verg. A. 6, 630; cf.:moles quam eductam in Rhenum retulimus,
Tac. H. 5, 18.—Of time, to pass, spend (cf. duco, II. B. 3. b.):2.pios annos,
Prop. 2, 9, 47:insomnem noctem ludo,
Stat. Th. 2, 74:somnos sub hiberno caelo,
Sil. 11, 405:nimbos luxu,
Val. Fl. 2, 371.ēdŭco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [1. educo, II. A. 4. b.], to bring up a child physically or mentally, to rear, to educate (very freq. and class.): educit obstetrix, educat nutrix, instituit paedagogus, docet magister, Varr. ap. Non. 447, 33 (but this distinction is not strictly observed; see the foll. and 1. educo, II. A. 4. b.).I.Prop.:II.hera educavit (puellam) magna industria,
Plaut. Cas. prol. 44 sq.:Athenis natus altusque educatusque Atticis,
id. Rud. 3, 4, 36:bene pudiceque educatu'st usque ad adolescentiam,
id. Capt. 5, 3, 16 et saep.; cf. id. Men. 5, 5, 7; id. Trin. 2, 4, 111 al.; Att. ap. Non. 422, 14; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 37; id. Ad. 3, 4, 49; Cic. Lael. 20, 75; id. Rep. 2, 21; id. de Or. 1, 31; Ov. F. 6, 487; id. M. 3, 314; Vulg. Psa. 22, 2. —Transf., to bring up, rear, foster, train, educate:B.neque enim hac nos patria lege genuit aut educavit, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4; id. Or. 13 fin.; cf.:ars dicendi ea, quae sunt orta jam in nobis et procreata, educat atque confirmat,
id. de Or. 2, 87, 356:in his (scholis) educatur orator,
Quint. 9, 2, 81:oratorem, id. prooem. § 5: illos in disciplina,
Vulg. Ephes. 6, 4.—Poet. and in post-Aug. prose, of plants or animals, to nourish, support, produce:C.quod pontus, quod terra, quod educat aër Poscit,
Ov. M. 8, 832; cf. id. Pont. 1, 10, 9:vitis mitem uvam,
Cat. 62, 50:pomum, non uvas (ager),
Ov. Pont. 1, 3, 51:herbas (humus),
id. M. 15, 97:Caecuba,
Plin. 16, 37, 67, § 173:florem (imber),
Cat. 62, 41 al.:lepores, apros,
Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 22.—To possess, hold (cf. nutrire = trephein), Verg. Cul. 13. -
3 abverto
ā-verto (arch. - vorto; in MSS. also abverto; cf. ab init.), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn something away from a place, to avert, turn off, remove, etc. (opp. adverto).I.Lit.A.In gen.a.Constr. aliquem ab or with the simple abl.; the limit designated by in with acc. (more rarely by ad):b.ab saxo avortit fluctus ad litus scapham,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 76: Jup. Te volo, uxor, conloqui. Quor ted avortisti? Alc. Est ita ingenium meum:Inimicos semper osa sum optuerier,
id. Am. 3, 2, 18:(M. Lepidus) Antonio diadema Caesari imponente se avertit,
Cic. Phil. 5, 14; id. Balb. 5, 11:aliquid ab oculis,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 141:nos flumina arcemus, dirigimus, avertimus,
turn off, id. ib. 2, 60, 152; so Liv. 41, 11, 3: quod iter ab Arari Helvetii averterant, had turned aside their march from Caes. B. G. 1, 16 et saep.:locis seminis ic tum,
Lucr. 4, 1273:Italiā Teucrorum regem,
Verg. A. 1, 42:a ceteris omnium in se oculos,
Liv. 2, 5, 6:in comitiorum disceptationem ab lege certamen,
id. 3, 24, 9:ab hominibus ad deos preces,
id. 6, 20, 10: se alicui, instead of ab aliquo. Col. 6, 37, 10.—And poet. with acc.:quo regnum Italiae Libycas averteret oras,
Verg. A. 4, 106. —With dat.:Quod mihi non patrii poterant avertere amici,
Prop. 4, 24, 9; so Val. Fl. 3, 491.—Also without an antecedent ab (since this is included in the verb) with in with acc.:in fugam classem, Liv 22, 19, 11: dissipatos in fugam,
id. 34, 15, 2; hence absol.:mille acies avertit avertetque (sc. in fugam),
put to flight, id. 9, 19, 17.—Pass. in mid. signif. with the acc., in the Greek manner, to turn away from:c.equus fontes avertitur,
Verg. G. 3, 499 (cf. the Gr. apostrephesthai to hudôr, and aversari):oppositas impasta avertitur herbas,
Stat. Th. 6, 192; Petr. 124, 248.—As v. n. avertere = se avertere, to turn one's self away, to retire:B.ob eam causam huc abs te avorti,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 83:ecce avortit,
id. ib. 2, 2, 50:dixit et avertens roseā cervice refulsit,
Verg. A. 1, 402:tum prora avertit,
id. ib. 1, 104:avertit et ire in Capitolium coepit,
Gell. 4, 18, 4 al. —To take away, drive away, carry off, steal, embezzle, to appropriate to one ' s self:II.pecuniam publicam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4:compertum publicam pecuniam avertisse,
Tac. H. 1, 53:aliquid domum tuam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:praedam omnem domum avertebant,
Caes. B. C. 3, 59:intellexistis innumerabilem frumenti numerum per triennium aversum a re publicā esse ereptumque aratoribus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 69 fin.:auratam Colchis pellem,
to carry off, Cat. 64, 5:quattuor a stabulis tauros,
Verg. A. 8, 208:avertere praedas,
id. ib. 10, 78:carā pisces avertere mensā,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 37.—Trop.A.To turn, divert a person from a course of action, purpose, etc.:B.accusandi terrores et minae populi opinionem a spe adipiscendi avertunt,
Cic. Mur. 21:avertant animos a spe recuperandae arcis,
Liv. 9, 24, 11:qui mentem optimi viri a defensione meae salutis averterant,
Cic. Sest. 31:ut nec vobis averteretur a certamine animus,
Liv. 1, 28, 5:animum a pietate,
id. 7, 5, 7:aliquem ab incepto avertit,
id. 23, 18, 9:a philosophiā,
Suet. Ner. 52.—Aliquem, to turn away from one in feeling, i. e. to make averse or disinclined to, to alienate, estrange:A.legiones abducis a Bruto. Quas? nempe eas, quas ille a C. Antonii scelere avertit et ad rem publicam suā auctoritate traduxit,
Cic. Phil. 10, 3:ipse Pompeius totum se ab ejus (sc. Caesaris) amicitiā averterat,
had quite alienated himself from, Caes. B. C. 1, 4:civitates ab alicujus amicitiā,
id. ib. 3, 79:popularium animos,
Sall. J. 111, 2:futurum, uti totius Galliae animi a se averterentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20:nobis mentem deorum,
Cat. 64, 406.—Hence, āver-sus, a, um, P. a.Turned off or away: aversum hostem videre nemo potuit, turned away, i. e. turned in flight, Caes. B. G. 1, 26; hence, backwards, behind, back ( = a tergo; opp. adversus), distant:B.et adversus et aversus impudicus es,
before and behind, Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 256:canities homini semper a priori parte capitis, tum deinde ab aversā,
Plin. 11, 37, 47, § 131; 11, 52, 113, § 272: ne aversos nostros aggrederentur, fall upon our troops in the rear, Galba ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 3:ne aversi ab hoste circumvenirentur,
from behind, in the rear, Caes. B. G. 2, 26:aversos proterere,
id. B. C. 2, 41: aversi vulnerantur, Auct. B. Alex. 30;32: aversum ferro transfixit,
Nep. Dat. 11, 5:aversos boves caudis in speluncam traxit,
backwards, Liv. 1, 7, 5 (cf. Prop. 5, 9, 12:Aversos caudā traxit in antra boves): aversa hosti porta,
Tac. A. 1, 66:scribit in aversā Picens epigrammata chartā,
upon the back of the paper, Mart. 8, 62 (cf. Juv. 1, 6: liber scriptus in tergo), and so al.— Trop.:milites aversi a proelio,
withdrawn from the battle, Caes. B. C. 2, 12. — Subst.: āversum, i, n., the hinder or back part, the back (as subst. only in the plur.):per aversa castrorum receptus est,
Vell. 2, 63 Ruhnk.:per aversa urbis fugam dederat,
Liv. 5, 29, 4: ad aversa insulae, id. [p. 215] 37, 27, 2:aversa montis,
Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 41: aversa Indiae, the back or remoter parts of India, id. 37, 8, 33, § 110.—So in adverb. phrase: in aversum, backwards:Cetera animalia in aversum posterioribus pedibus quam prioribus,
Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248 (Jan, in diversum):collum circum agit (lynx) in aversum,
id. 11, 47, 107, § 256 (Jan, in aversum se; Sillig, in adversum). —Disinclined, alienated, unfavorable, opposed, hostile, averse; constr. with ab, with dat., or absol.(α).With ab (so most frequently in Cicero):(β).aversus a Musis,
Cic. Arch. 9, 20:aversus a vero,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21:turbidi animorum motus, aversi a ratione, et inimicissimi mentis vitaeque tranquillae,
id. Tusc. 4, 15, 34:Quintus aversissimo a me animo fuit,
id. Att. 11, 5 fin.; Col. 11, 1, 14:aversissimus ab istis prodigiis sum,
Sen. Ep. 50.—With dat.:(γ).aversus mercaturis,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 107:vilicus aversus contubernio,
Col. 12, 1, 2:defensioni aversior,
Quint. 7, 1, 11 (but acc. to the MSS., adversior seems here to deserve the preference; so Halm; cf. Spald. and Zumpt ad h. l.).—Absol.:aversa deae mens,
Verg. A. 2, 170:aversa voluntas,
id. ib. 12, 647:aversos soliti componere amicos,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:aversus animus,
Tac. H. 4, 80 et saep.:vultus aversior,
Sen. Ira, 2, 24:aversi animis,
Tac. A. 14, 26.— Adv. not used. -
4 aversum
ā-verto (arch. - vorto; in MSS. also abverto; cf. ab init.), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn something away from a place, to avert, turn off, remove, etc. (opp. adverto).I.Lit.A.In gen.a.Constr. aliquem ab or with the simple abl.; the limit designated by in with acc. (more rarely by ad):b.ab saxo avortit fluctus ad litus scapham,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 76: Jup. Te volo, uxor, conloqui. Quor ted avortisti? Alc. Est ita ingenium meum:Inimicos semper osa sum optuerier,
id. Am. 3, 2, 18:(M. Lepidus) Antonio diadema Caesari imponente se avertit,
Cic. Phil. 5, 14; id. Balb. 5, 11:aliquid ab oculis,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 141:nos flumina arcemus, dirigimus, avertimus,
turn off, id. ib. 2, 60, 152; so Liv. 41, 11, 3: quod iter ab Arari Helvetii averterant, had turned aside their march from Caes. B. G. 1, 16 et saep.:locis seminis ic tum,
Lucr. 4, 1273:Italiā Teucrorum regem,
Verg. A. 1, 42:a ceteris omnium in se oculos,
Liv. 2, 5, 6:in comitiorum disceptationem ab lege certamen,
id. 3, 24, 9:ab hominibus ad deos preces,
id. 6, 20, 10: se alicui, instead of ab aliquo. Col. 6, 37, 10.—And poet. with acc.:quo regnum Italiae Libycas averteret oras,
Verg. A. 4, 106. —With dat.:Quod mihi non patrii poterant avertere amici,
Prop. 4, 24, 9; so Val. Fl. 3, 491.—Also without an antecedent ab (since this is included in the verb) with in with acc.:in fugam classem, Liv 22, 19, 11: dissipatos in fugam,
id. 34, 15, 2; hence absol.:mille acies avertit avertetque (sc. in fugam),
put to flight, id. 9, 19, 17.—Pass. in mid. signif. with the acc., in the Greek manner, to turn away from:c.equus fontes avertitur,
Verg. G. 3, 499 (cf. the Gr. apostrephesthai to hudôr, and aversari):oppositas impasta avertitur herbas,
Stat. Th. 6, 192; Petr. 124, 248.—As v. n. avertere = se avertere, to turn one's self away, to retire:B.ob eam causam huc abs te avorti,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 83:ecce avortit,
id. ib. 2, 2, 50:dixit et avertens roseā cervice refulsit,
Verg. A. 1, 402:tum prora avertit,
id. ib. 1, 104:avertit et ire in Capitolium coepit,
Gell. 4, 18, 4 al. —To take away, drive away, carry off, steal, embezzle, to appropriate to one ' s self:II.pecuniam publicam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4:compertum publicam pecuniam avertisse,
Tac. H. 1, 53:aliquid domum tuam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:praedam omnem domum avertebant,
Caes. B. C. 3, 59:intellexistis innumerabilem frumenti numerum per triennium aversum a re publicā esse ereptumque aratoribus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 69 fin.:auratam Colchis pellem,
to carry off, Cat. 64, 5:quattuor a stabulis tauros,
Verg. A. 8, 208:avertere praedas,
id. ib. 10, 78:carā pisces avertere mensā,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 37.—Trop.A.To turn, divert a person from a course of action, purpose, etc.:B.accusandi terrores et minae populi opinionem a spe adipiscendi avertunt,
Cic. Mur. 21:avertant animos a spe recuperandae arcis,
Liv. 9, 24, 11:qui mentem optimi viri a defensione meae salutis averterant,
Cic. Sest. 31:ut nec vobis averteretur a certamine animus,
Liv. 1, 28, 5:animum a pietate,
id. 7, 5, 7:aliquem ab incepto avertit,
id. 23, 18, 9:a philosophiā,
Suet. Ner. 52.—Aliquem, to turn away from one in feeling, i. e. to make averse or disinclined to, to alienate, estrange:A.legiones abducis a Bruto. Quas? nempe eas, quas ille a C. Antonii scelere avertit et ad rem publicam suā auctoritate traduxit,
Cic. Phil. 10, 3:ipse Pompeius totum se ab ejus (sc. Caesaris) amicitiā averterat,
had quite alienated himself from, Caes. B. C. 1, 4:civitates ab alicujus amicitiā,
id. ib. 3, 79:popularium animos,
Sall. J. 111, 2:futurum, uti totius Galliae animi a se averterentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20:nobis mentem deorum,
Cat. 64, 406.—Hence, āver-sus, a, um, P. a.Turned off or away: aversum hostem videre nemo potuit, turned away, i. e. turned in flight, Caes. B. G. 1, 26; hence, backwards, behind, back ( = a tergo; opp. adversus), distant:B.et adversus et aversus impudicus es,
before and behind, Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 256:canities homini semper a priori parte capitis, tum deinde ab aversā,
Plin. 11, 37, 47, § 131; 11, 52, 113, § 272: ne aversos nostros aggrederentur, fall upon our troops in the rear, Galba ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 3:ne aversi ab hoste circumvenirentur,
from behind, in the rear, Caes. B. G. 2, 26:aversos proterere,
id. B. C. 2, 41: aversi vulnerantur, Auct. B. Alex. 30;32: aversum ferro transfixit,
Nep. Dat. 11, 5:aversos boves caudis in speluncam traxit,
backwards, Liv. 1, 7, 5 (cf. Prop. 5, 9, 12:Aversos caudā traxit in antra boves): aversa hosti porta,
Tac. A. 1, 66:scribit in aversā Picens epigrammata chartā,
upon the back of the paper, Mart. 8, 62 (cf. Juv. 1, 6: liber scriptus in tergo), and so al.— Trop.:milites aversi a proelio,
withdrawn from the battle, Caes. B. C. 2, 12. — Subst.: āversum, i, n., the hinder or back part, the back (as subst. only in the plur.):per aversa castrorum receptus est,
Vell. 2, 63 Ruhnk.:per aversa urbis fugam dederat,
Liv. 5, 29, 4: ad aversa insulae, id. [p. 215] 37, 27, 2:aversa montis,
Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 41: aversa Indiae, the back or remoter parts of India, id. 37, 8, 33, § 110.—So in adverb. phrase: in aversum, backwards:Cetera animalia in aversum posterioribus pedibus quam prioribus,
Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248 (Jan, in diversum):collum circum agit (lynx) in aversum,
id. 11, 47, 107, § 256 (Jan, in aversum se; Sillig, in adversum). —Disinclined, alienated, unfavorable, opposed, hostile, averse; constr. with ab, with dat., or absol.(α).With ab (so most frequently in Cicero):(β).aversus a Musis,
Cic. Arch. 9, 20:aversus a vero,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21:turbidi animorum motus, aversi a ratione, et inimicissimi mentis vitaeque tranquillae,
id. Tusc. 4, 15, 34:Quintus aversissimo a me animo fuit,
id. Att. 11, 5 fin.; Col. 11, 1, 14:aversissimus ab istis prodigiis sum,
Sen. Ep. 50.—With dat.:(γ).aversus mercaturis,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 107:vilicus aversus contubernio,
Col. 12, 1, 2:defensioni aversior,
Quint. 7, 1, 11 (but acc. to the MSS., adversior seems here to deserve the preference; so Halm; cf. Spald. and Zumpt ad h. l.).—Absol.:aversa deae mens,
Verg. A. 2, 170:aversa voluntas,
id. ib. 12, 647:aversos soliti componere amicos,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:aversus animus,
Tac. H. 4, 80 et saep.:vultus aversior,
Sen. Ira, 2, 24:aversi animis,
Tac. A. 14, 26.— Adv. not used. -
5 averto
ā-verto (arch. - vorto; in MSS. also abverto; cf. ab init.), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn something away from a place, to avert, turn off, remove, etc. (opp. adverto).I.Lit.A.In gen.a.Constr. aliquem ab or with the simple abl.; the limit designated by in with acc. (more rarely by ad):b.ab saxo avortit fluctus ad litus scapham,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 76: Jup. Te volo, uxor, conloqui. Quor ted avortisti? Alc. Est ita ingenium meum:Inimicos semper osa sum optuerier,
id. Am. 3, 2, 18:(M. Lepidus) Antonio diadema Caesari imponente se avertit,
Cic. Phil. 5, 14; id. Balb. 5, 11:aliquid ab oculis,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 141:nos flumina arcemus, dirigimus, avertimus,
turn off, id. ib. 2, 60, 152; so Liv. 41, 11, 3: quod iter ab Arari Helvetii averterant, had turned aside their march from Caes. B. G. 1, 16 et saep.:locis seminis ic tum,
Lucr. 4, 1273:Italiā Teucrorum regem,
Verg. A. 1, 42:a ceteris omnium in se oculos,
Liv. 2, 5, 6:in comitiorum disceptationem ab lege certamen,
id. 3, 24, 9:ab hominibus ad deos preces,
id. 6, 20, 10: se alicui, instead of ab aliquo. Col. 6, 37, 10.—And poet. with acc.:quo regnum Italiae Libycas averteret oras,
Verg. A. 4, 106. —With dat.:Quod mihi non patrii poterant avertere amici,
Prop. 4, 24, 9; so Val. Fl. 3, 491.—Also without an antecedent ab (since this is included in the verb) with in with acc.:in fugam classem, Liv 22, 19, 11: dissipatos in fugam,
id. 34, 15, 2; hence absol.:mille acies avertit avertetque (sc. in fugam),
put to flight, id. 9, 19, 17.—Pass. in mid. signif. with the acc., in the Greek manner, to turn away from:c.equus fontes avertitur,
Verg. G. 3, 499 (cf. the Gr. apostrephesthai to hudôr, and aversari):oppositas impasta avertitur herbas,
Stat. Th. 6, 192; Petr. 124, 248.—As v. n. avertere = se avertere, to turn one's self away, to retire:B.ob eam causam huc abs te avorti,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 83:ecce avortit,
id. ib. 2, 2, 50:dixit et avertens roseā cervice refulsit,
Verg. A. 1, 402:tum prora avertit,
id. ib. 1, 104:avertit et ire in Capitolium coepit,
Gell. 4, 18, 4 al. —To take away, drive away, carry off, steal, embezzle, to appropriate to one ' s self:II.pecuniam publicam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4:compertum publicam pecuniam avertisse,
Tac. H. 1, 53:aliquid domum tuam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:praedam omnem domum avertebant,
Caes. B. C. 3, 59:intellexistis innumerabilem frumenti numerum per triennium aversum a re publicā esse ereptumque aratoribus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 69 fin.:auratam Colchis pellem,
to carry off, Cat. 64, 5:quattuor a stabulis tauros,
Verg. A. 8, 208:avertere praedas,
id. ib. 10, 78:carā pisces avertere mensā,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 37.—Trop.A.To turn, divert a person from a course of action, purpose, etc.:B.accusandi terrores et minae populi opinionem a spe adipiscendi avertunt,
Cic. Mur. 21:avertant animos a spe recuperandae arcis,
Liv. 9, 24, 11:qui mentem optimi viri a defensione meae salutis averterant,
Cic. Sest. 31:ut nec vobis averteretur a certamine animus,
Liv. 1, 28, 5:animum a pietate,
id. 7, 5, 7:aliquem ab incepto avertit,
id. 23, 18, 9:a philosophiā,
Suet. Ner. 52.—Aliquem, to turn away from one in feeling, i. e. to make averse or disinclined to, to alienate, estrange:A.legiones abducis a Bruto. Quas? nempe eas, quas ille a C. Antonii scelere avertit et ad rem publicam suā auctoritate traduxit,
Cic. Phil. 10, 3:ipse Pompeius totum se ab ejus (sc. Caesaris) amicitiā averterat,
had quite alienated himself from, Caes. B. C. 1, 4:civitates ab alicujus amicitiā,
id. ib. 3, 79:popularium animos,
Sall. J. 111, 2:futurum, uti totius Galliae animi a se averterentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20:nobis mentem deorum,
Cat. 64, 406.—Hence, āver-sus, a, um, P. a.Turned off or away: aversum hostem videre nemo potuit, turned away, i. e. turned in flight, Caes. B. G. 1, 26; hence, backwards, behind, back ( = a tergo; opp. adversus), distant:B.et adversus et aversus impudicus es,
before and behind, Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 256:canities homini semper a priori parte capitis, tum deinde ab aversā,
Plin. 11, 37, 47, § 131; 11, 52, 113, § 272: ne aversos nostros aggrederentur, fall upon our troops in the rear, Galba ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 3:ne aversi ab hoste circumvenirentur,
from behind, in the rear, Caes. B. G. 2, 26:aversos proterere,
id. B. C. 2, 41: aversi vulnerantur, Auct. B. Alex. 30;32: aversum ferro transfixit,
Nep. Dat. 11, 5:aversos boves caudis in speluncam traxit,
backwards, Liv. 1, 7, 5 (cf. Prop. 5, 9, 12:Aversos caudā traxit in antra boves): aversa hosti porta,
Tac. A. 1, 66:scribit in aversā Picens epigrammata chartā,
upon the back of the paper, Mart. 8, 62 (cf. Juv. 1, 6: liber scriptus in tergo), and so al.— Trop.:milites aversi a proelio,
withdrawn from the battle, Caes. B. C. 2, 12. — Subst.: āversum, i, n., the hinder or back part, the back (as subst. only in the plur.):per aversa castrorum receptus est,
Vell. 2, 63 Ruhnk.:per aversa urbis fugam dederat,
Liv. 5, 29, 4: ad aversa insulae, id. [p. 215] 37, 27, 2:aversa montis,
Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 41: aversa Indiae, the back or remoter parts of India, id. 37, 8, 33, § 110.—So in adverb. phrase: in aversum, backwards:Cetera animalia in aversum posterioribus pedibus quam prioribus,
Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248 (Jan, in diversum):collum circum agit (lynx) in aversum,
id. 11, 47, 107, § 256 (Jan, in aversum se; Sillig, in adversum). —Disinclined, alienated, unfavorable, opposed, hostile, averse; constr. with ab, with dat., or absol.(α).With ab (so most frequently in Cicero):(β).aversus a Musis,
Cic. Arch. 9, 20:aversus a vero,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21:turbidi animorum motus, aversi a ratione, et inimicissimi mentis vitaeque tranquillae,
id. Tusc. 4, 15, 34:Quintus aversissimo a me animo fuit,
id. Att. 11, 5 fin.; Col. 11, 1, 14:aversissimus ab istis prodigiis sum,
Sen. Ep. 50.—With dat.:(γ).aversus mercaturis,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 107:vilicus aversus contubernio,
Col. 12, 1, 2:defensioni aversior,
Quint. 7, 1, 11 (but acc. to the MSS., adversior seems here to deserve the preference; so Halm; cf. Spald. and Zumpt ad h. l.).—Absol.:aversa deae mens,
Verg. A. 2, 170:aversa voluntas,
id. ib. 12, 647:aversos soliti componere amicos,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:aversus animus,
Tac. H. 4, 80 et saep.:vultus aversior,
Sen. Ira, 2, 24:aversi animis,
Tac. A. 14, 26.— Adv. not used. -
6 avorto
ā-verto (arch. - vorto; in MSS. also abverto; cf. ab init.), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn something away from a place, to avert, turn off, remove, etc. (opp. adverto).I.Lit.A.In gen.a.Constr. aliquem ab or with the simple abl.; the limit designated by in with acc. (more rarely by ad):b.ab saxo avortit fluctus ad litus scapham,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 76: Jup. Te volo, uxor, conloqui. Quor ted avortisti? Alc. Est ita ingenium meum:Inimicos semper osa sum optuerier,
id. Am. 3, 2, 18:(M. Lepidus) Antonio diadema Caesari imponente se avertit,
Cic. Phil. 5, 14; id. Balb. 5, 11:aliquid ab oculis,
id. N. D. 2, 56, 141:nos flumina arcemus, dirigimus, avertimus,
turn off, id. ib. 2, 60, 152; so Liv. 41, 11, 3: quod iter ab Arari Helvetii averterant, had turned aside their march from Caes. B. G. 1, 16 et saep.:locis seminis ic tum,
Lucr. 4, 1273:Italiā Teucrorum regem,
Verg. A. 1, 42:a ceteris omnium in se oculos,
Liv. 2, 5, 6:in comitiorum disceptationem ab lege certamen,
id. 3, 24, 9:ab hominibus ad deos preces,
id. 6, 20, 10: se alicui, instead of ab aliquo. Col. 6, 37, 10.—And poet. with acc.:quo regnum Italiae Libycas averteret oras,
Verg. A. 4, 106. —With dat.:Quod mihi non patrii poterant avertere amici,
Prop. 4, 24, 9; so Val. Fl. 3, 491.—Also without an antecedent ab (since this is included in the verb) with in with acc.:in fugam classem, Liv 22, 19, 11: dissipatos in fugam,
id. 34, 15, 2; hence absol.:mille acies avertit avertetque (sc. in fugam),
put to flight, id. 9, 19, 17.—Pass. in mid. signif. with the acc., in the Greek manner, to turn away from:c.equus fontes avertitur,
Verg. G. 3, 499 (cf. the Gr. apostrephesthai to hudôr, and aversari):oppositas impasta avertitur herbas,
Stat. Th. 6, 192; Petr. 124, 248.—As v. n. avertere = se avertere, to turn one's self away, to retire:B.ob eam causam huc abs te avorti,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 83:ecce avortit,
id. ib. 2, 2, 50:dixit et avertens roseā cervice refulsit,
Verg. A. 1, 402:tum prora avertit,
id. ib. 1, 104:avertit et ire in Capitolium coepit,
Gell. 4, 18, 4 al. —To take away, drive away, carry off, steal, embezzle, to appropriate to one ' s self:II.pecuniam publicam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4:compertum publicam pecuniam avertisse,
Tac. H. 1, 53:aliquid domum tuam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:praedam omnem domum avertebant,
Caes. B. C. 3, 59:intellexistis innumerabilem frumenti numerum per triennium aversum a re publicā esse ereptumque aratoribus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 69 fin.:auratam Colchis pellem,
to carry off, Cat. 64, 5:quattuor a stabulis tauros,
Verg. A. 8, 208:avertere praedas,
id. ib. 10, 78:carā pisces avertere mensā,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 37.—Trop.A.To turn, divert a person from a course of action, purpose, etc.:B.accusandi terrores et minae populi opinionem a spe adipiscendi avertunt,
Cic. Mur. 21:avertant animos a spe recuperandae arcis,
Liv. 9, 24, 11:qui mentem optimi viri a defensione meae salutis averterant,
Cic. Sest. 31:ut nec vobis averteretur a certamine animus,
Liv. 1, 28, 5:animum a pietate,
id. 7, 5, 7:aliquem ab incepto avertit,
id. 23, 18, 9:a philosophiā,
Suet. Ner. 52.—Aliquem, to turn away from one in feeling, i. e. to make averse or disinclined to, to alienate, estrange:A.legiones abducis a Bruto. Quas? nempe eas, quas ille a C. Antonii scelere avertit et ad rem publicam suā auctoritate traduxit,
Cic. Phil. 10, 3:ipse Pompeius totum se ab ejus (sc. Caesaris) amicitiā averterat,
had quite alienated himself from, Caes. B. C. 1, 4:civitates ab alicujus amicitiā,
id. ib. 3, 79:popularium animos,
Sall. J. 111, 2:futurum, uti totius Galliae animi a se averterentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20:nobis mentem deorum,
Cat. 64, 406.—Hence, āver-sus, a, um, P. a.Turned off or away: aversum hostem videre nemo potuit, turned away, i. e. turned in flight, Caes. B. G. 1, 26; hence, backwards, behind, back ( = a tergo; opp. adversus), distant:B.et adversus et aversus impudicus es,
before and behind, Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 256:canities homini semper a priori parte capitis, tum deinde ab aversā,
Plin. 11, 37, 47, § 131; 11, 52, 113, § 272: ne aversos nostros aggrederentur, fall upon our troops in the rear, Galba ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 3:ne aversi ab hoste circumvenirentur,
from behind, in the rear, Caes. B. G. 2, 26:aversos proterere,
id. B. C. 2, 41: aversi vulnerantur, Auct. B. Alex. 30;32: aversum ferro transfixit,
Nep. Dat. 11, 5:aversos boves caudis in speluncam traxit,
backwards, Liv. 1, 7, 5 (cf. Prop. 5, 9, 12:Aversos caudā traxit in antra boves): aversa hosti porta,
Tac. A. 1, 66:scribit in aversā Picens epigrammata chartā,
upon the back of the paper, Mart. 8, 62 (cf. Juv. 1, 6: liber scriptus in tergo), and so al.— Trop.:milites aversi a proelio,
withdrawn from the battle, Caes. B. C. 2, 12. — Subst.: āversum, i, n., the hinder or back part, the back (as subst. only in the plur.):per aversa castrorum receptus est,
Vell. 2, 63 Ruhnk.:per aversa urbis fugam dederat,
Liv. 5, 29, 4: ad aversa insulae, id. [p. 215] 37, 27, 2:aversa montis,
Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 41: aversa Indiae, the back or remoter parts of India, id. 37, 8, 33, § 110.—So in adverb. phrase: in aversum, backwards:Cetera animalia in aversum posterioribus pedibus quam prioribus,
Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248 (Jan, in diversum):collum circum agit (lynx) in aversum,
id. 11, 47, 107, § 256 (Jan, in aversum se; Sillig, in adversum). —Disinclined, alienated, unfavorable, opposed, hostile, averse; constr. with ab, with dat., or absol.(α).With ab (so most frequently in Cicero):(β).aversus a Musis,
Cic. Arch. 9, 20:aversus a vero,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21:turbidi animorum motus, aversi a ratione, et inimicissimi mentis vitaeque tranquillae,
id. Tusc. 4, 15, 34:Quintus aversissimo a me animo fuit,
id. Att. 11, 5 fin.; Col. 11, 1, 14:aversissimus ab istis prodigiis sum,
Sen. Ep. 50.—With dat.:(γ).aversus mercaturis,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 107:vilicus aversus contubernio,
Col. 12, 1, 2:defensioni aversior,
Quint. 7, 1, 11 (but acc. to the MSS., adversior seems here to deserve the preference; so Halm; cf. Spald. and Zumpt ad h. l.).—Absol.:aversa deae mens,
Verg. A. 2, 170:aversa voluntas,
id. ib. 12, 647:aversos soliti componere amicos,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:aversus animus,
Tac. H. 4, 80 et saep.:vultus aversior,
Sen. Ira, 2, 24:aversi animis,
Tac. A. 14, 26.— Adv. not used. -
7 ā
ā (before consonants), ab (before vowels, h, and some consonants, esp. l, n, r, s), abs (usu. only before t and q, esp. freq. before the pron. te), old af, praep. with abl., denoting separation or departure (opp. ad). I. Lit., in space, from, away from, out of. A. With motion: ab urbe proficisci, Cs.: a supero mari Flaminia (est via), leads: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun: usque a mari supero Romam proficisci, all the way from; with names of cities and small islands, or with domo, home (for the simple abl; of motion, away from, not out of, a place); hence, of raising a siege, of the march of soldiers, the setting out of a fleet, etc.: oppidum ab Aeneā fugiente a Troiā conditum: ab Alesiā, Cs.: profectus ab Orico cum classe, Cs.; with names of persons or with pronouns: cum a vobis discessero: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, i. e. from his house, T.; (praegn.): a rege munera repudiare, from, sent by, N.— B. Without motion. 1. Of separation or distance: abesse a domo paulisper maluit: tum Brutus ab Romā aberat, S.: hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat, Cs.: a foro longe abesse: procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt, Cs.: cum esset bellum tam prope a Siciliā; so with numerals to express distance: ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo, eight miles distant, Cs.: ab milibus passuum minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off, Cs.; so rarely with substantives: quod tanta machinatio ab tanto spatio instrueretur, so far away, Cs.— 2. To denote a side or direction, etc., at, on, in: ab sinistrā parte nudatis castris, on the left, Cs.: ab eā parte, quā, etc., on that side, S.: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, Cs.: ab decumanā portā castra munita, at the main entrance, Cs.: crepuit hinc a Glycerio ostium, of the house of G., T.: (cornua) ab labris argento circumcludunt, on the edges, Cs.; hence, a fronte, in the van; a latere, on the flank; a tergo, in the rear, behind; a dextro cornu, on the right wing; a medio spatio, half way.— II. Fig. A. Of time. 1. Of a point of time, after: Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus, immediately after, Cs.: ab eo magistratu, after this office, S.: recens a volnere Dido, fresh from her wound, V.: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine, i. e. after leaving, L.: ab his, i. e. after these words, hereupon, O.: ab simili <*>ade domo profugus, i. e. after and in consequence of, L.— 2. Of a period of time, from, since, after: ab hora tertiā bibebatur, from the third hour: ab Sullā et Pompeio consulibus, since the consulship of: ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumum annum, since, S.: augures omnes usque ab Romulo, since the time of: iam inde ab infelici pugnā ceciderant animi, from (and in consequence of), L.; hence, ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first: ab integro, anew, afresh: ab... ad, from (a time)... to: cum ab horā septimā ad vesperum pugnatum sit, Cs.; with nouns or adjectives denoting a time of life: iam inde a pueritiā, T.: a pueritiā: a pueris: iam inde ab incunabulis, L.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, L.: ab parvulis, Cs.— B. In other relations. 1. To denote separation, deterring, intermitting, distinction, difference, etc., from: quo discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem: propius abesse ab ortu: alter ab illo, next after him, V.: Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus, next in rank to, H.: impotentia animi a temperantiā dissidens: alieno a te animo fuit, estranged; so with adjj. denoting free, strange, pure, etc.: res familiaris casta a cruore civili: purum ab humano cultu solum, L.: (opoidum) vacuum ab defensoribus, Cs.: alqm pudicum servare ab omni facto, etc., II.; with substt.: impunitas ab iudicio: ab armis quies dabatur, L.; or verbs: haec a custodiis loca vacabant, Cs.— 2. To denote the agent, by: qui (Mars) saepe spoliantem iam evertit et perculit ab abiecto, by the agency of: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro: si quid ei a Caesare gravius accidisset, at Caesar's hands, Cs.: vetus umor ab igne percaluit solis, under, O.: a populo P. imperia perferre, Cs.: equo lassus ab indomito, H.: volgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus? by whose hands and upon whose orders? factus ab arte decor, artificial, O.: destitutus ab spe, L.; (for the sake of the metre): correptus ab ignibus, O.; (poet. with abl. of means or instr.): intumuit venter ab undā, O.—Ab with abl. of agent for the dat., to avoid ambiguity, or for emphasis: quibus (civibus) est a vobis consulendum: te a me nostrae consuetudinis monendum esse puto.— 3. To denote source, origin, extraction, from, of: Turnus ab Ariciā, L.: si ego me a M. Tullio esse dicerem: oriundi ab Sabinis, L.: dulces a fontibus undae, V.—With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping (cf. a parte), from, on the part of: a quo quidem genere, iudices, ego numquam timui: nec ab Romanis vobis ulla est spes, you can expect nothing from the Romans, L.; (ellipt.): haec a servorum bello pericula, threatened by: quem metus a praetore Romano stimulabat, fear of what the praetor might do, L.—With verbs of paying, etc., solvere, persolvere, dare (pecuniam) ab aliquo, to pay through, by a draft on, etc.: se praetor dedit, a quaestore numeravit, quaestor a mensā publicā, by an order on the quaestor: ei legat pecuniam a filio, to be paid by his son: scribe decem (milia) a Nerio, pay by a draft on Nerius, H.; cognoscere ab aliquā re, to know or learn by means of something (but ab aliquo, from some one): id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse, Cs.; in giving an etymology: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, L.—Rarely with verbs of beginning and repeating: coepere a fame mala, L.: a se suisque orsus, Ta.— 4. With verbs of freeing from, defending, protecting, from, against: ut a proeliis quietem habuerant, L.: provincia a calamitate est defendenda: sustinere se a lapsu, L.— 5. With verbs and adjectives, to define the respect in which, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of: orba ab optimatibus contio: mons vastus ab naturā et humano cultu, S.: ne ab re sint omissiores, too neglectful of money or property, T.: posse a facundiā, in the matter of eloquence, T.; cf. with laborare, for the simple abl, in, for want of: laborare ab re frumentariā, Cs.— 6. In stating a motive, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: patres ab honore appellati, L.: inops tum urbs ab longinquā obsidione, L.— 7. Indicating a part of the whole, of, out of: scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto, Cs.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).— 8. Marking that to which anything belongs: qui sunt ab eā disciplinā: nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt.— 9. Of a side or party: vide ne hoc totum sit a me, makes for my view: vir ab innocentiā clementissimus, in favor of.—10. In late prose, of an office: ab epistulis, a secretary, Ta. Note. Ab is not repeated with a following pron interrog. or relat.: Arsinoën, Stratum, Naupactum... fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc. It is often separated from the word which it governs: a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo: a minus bono, S.: a satis miti principio, L.—The poets join a and que, making āque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.): aque Chao, V.: aque mero, O.—In composition, ab- stands before vowels, and h, b, d, i consonant, l, n, r, s; abs- before c, q, t; b is dropped, leaving as- before p; ā- is found in āfuī, āfore ( inf fut. of absum); and au- in auferō, aufugiō.* * *IAh!; (distress/regret/pity, appeal/entreaty, surprise/joy, objection/contempt)IIby (agent), from (departure, cause, remote origin/time); after (reference)IIIante, abb. a.in calendar expression a. d. = ante diem -- before the day
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8 prīncipium
prīncipium ī, n [princeps], a beginning, commencement, origin: origo principi nulla est: motūs: principio orationis hoc pono, in beginning my speech: omnium rerum magnarum ab dis inmortalibus principia ducuntur: Scribendi recte sapere est principium, H.: Ab Iove principium, V.: imperi, L.: a sanguine Teucri Ducere principium, O.— Abl adverb., at the beginning, in the beginning, at first, in the first place: Principio vementer velim, etc., T.: principio ausus est dicere: Principio... tum, V.—In the phrase, a principio (rarely de principio), from the beginning, from the first: ut a principio dixi: de principio studuit occurrere, etc.— Plur, beginnings, foundations, principles, elements: diligenter explorata principia ponantur: naturalia: principia rerum, e quibus omnia constant, elements.—Prov.: obsta principiis, O.— That which begins, a leader, founder: Faucia curia fuit principium, i. e. was the first to vote, L.: Graecia principium moris fuit, O.—In the army, plur, the foremost ranks, front lines of soldiers, front, van: ero post principia, in the rear, T.: Marium post principia habere, S.: post principia tutus receptus fuit, to the rear, L.—In a camp, the headquarters, principal place, general's quarters (an open space, for councils and assemblies): iura reddere in principiis, L.: in principiis statuit tabernaculum, N.* * * -
9 posteriora
postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.I.Posit.:2.cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,
Cic. Clu. 13, 37:in posterum diem distulit,
id. Deiot. 7, 21:postero die mane,
id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,
Nep. Eum. 9, 4:postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:lux,
id. S. 1, 5, 39:posterā Crescam laude,
in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:posteri dies,
unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:B.expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,
Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:posterūm gloria,
Tac. A. 3, 72:postero, for postero die,
on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:quam minimum credula postero,
Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:in posterum oppugnationem differt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:in posterum confirmat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 3:multum in posterum providerunt,
Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:longe in posterum prospicere,
id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—II.Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.A.Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;2.opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,
id. Or. 6, 21:ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,
id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),
the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:genua,
id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,
Ov. F. 4, 718:posteriores cogitationes,
afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,
id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,
id. Brut. 11, 48:quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,
id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—Subst.a.postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):b.quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,
Dig. 38, 10, 10.—postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):B.posterius dicere,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,
i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:jubet posterius ad se reverti,
Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:Thucydides si posterius fuisset,
had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):III.quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,
id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:nihil posterius, nihil nequius,
id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,
I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,
Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.A.postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):2.alia prima ponet, alia postrema,
last, Cic. Or 15, 50:acies,
the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,
now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:in postremo libro,
at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:mense postremo,
Pall. 7, 2:munus, i. e. exsequiae,
the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:nec postrema cura,
not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:non in postremis, i. e. in primis,
especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,
Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,
id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:sed ad postremum nihil apparet,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,
Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:postremum mel et acetum superfundes,
Pall. 12, 22.—Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):B.postremum genus,
Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:servitus postremum malorum omnium,
id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,
App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:cum adulescentulis postremissimis,
App. Mag. p. 336.—po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:* 2.Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,
late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,
Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,
Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,
Gai. Inst. 1, 147:si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?
Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:postuma spes,
the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,
id. Mag. p. 297, 23:cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,
with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:de postumo corporis,
Tert. adv. Gnost. 1. -
10 posteriores
postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.I.Posit.:2.cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,
Cic. Clu. 13, 37:in posterum diem distulit,
id. Deiot. 7, 21:postero die mane,
id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,
Nep. Eum. 9, 4:postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:lux,
id. S. 1, 5, 39:posterā Crescam laude,
in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:posteri dies,
unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:B.expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,
Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:posterūm gloria,
Tac. A. 3, 72:postero, for postero die,
on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:quam minimum credula postero,
Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:in posterum oppugnationem differt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:in posterum confirmat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 3:multum in posterum providerunt,
Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:longe in posterum prospicere,
id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—II.Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.A.Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;2.opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,
id. Or. 6, 21:ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,
id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),
the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:genua,
id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,
Ov. F. 4, 718:posteriores cogitationes,
afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,
id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,
id. Brut. 11, 48:quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,
id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—Subst.a.postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):b.quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,
Dig. 38, 10, 10.—postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):B.posterius dicere,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,
i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:jubet posterius ad se reverti,
Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:Thucydides si posterius fuisset,
had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):III.quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,
id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:nihil posterius, nihil nequius,
id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,
I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,
Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.A.postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):2.alia prima ponet, alia postrema,
last, Cic. Or 15, 50:acies,
the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,
now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:in postremo libro,
at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:mense postremo,
Pall. 7, 2:munus, i. e. exsequiae,
the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:nec postrema cura,
not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:non in postremis, i. e. in primis,
especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,
Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,
id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:sed ad postremum nihil apparet,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,
Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:postremum mel et acetum superfundes,
Pall. 12, 22.—Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):B.postremum genus,
Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:servitus postremum malorum omnium,
id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,
App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:cum adulescentulis postremissimis,
App. Mag. p. 336.—po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:* 2.Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,
late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,
Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,
Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,
Gai. Inst. 1, 147:si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?
Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:postuma spes,
the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,
id. Mag. p. 297, 23:cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,
with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:de postumo corporis,
Tert. adv. Gnost. 1. -
11 posterius
postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.I.Posit.:2.cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,
Cic. Clu. 13, 37:in posterum diem distulit,
id. Deiot. 7, 21:postero die mane,
id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,
Nep. Eum. 9, 4:postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:lux,
id. S. 1, 5, 39:posterā Crescam laude,
in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:posteri dies,
unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:B.expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,
Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:posterūm gloria,
Tac. A. 3, 72:postero, for postero die,
on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:quam minimum credula postero,
Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:in posterum oppugnationem differt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:in posterum confirmat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 3:multum in posterum providerunt,
Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:longe in posterum prospicere,
id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—II.Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.A.Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;2.opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,
id. Or. 6, 21:ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,
id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),
the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:genua,
id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,
Ov. F. 4, 718:posteriores cogitationes,
afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,
id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,
id. Brut. 11, 48:quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,
id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—Subst.a.postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):b.quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,
Dig. 38, 10, 10.—postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):B.posterius dicere,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,
i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:jubet posterius ad se reverti,
Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:Thucydides si posterius fuisset,
had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):III.quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,
id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:nihil posterius, nihil nequius,
id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,
I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,
Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.A.postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):2.alia prima ponet, alia postrema,
last, Cic. Or 15, 50:acies,
the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,
now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:in postremo libro,
at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:mense postremo,
Pall. 7, 2:munus, i. e. exsequiae,
the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:nec postrema cura,
not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:non in postremis, i. e. in primis,
especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,
Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,
id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:sed ad postremum nihil apparet,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,
Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:postremum mel et acetum superfundes,
Pall. 12, 22.—Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):B.postremum genus,
Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:servitus postremum malorum omnium,
id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,
App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:cum adulescentulis postremissimis,
App. Mag. p. 336.—po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:* 2.Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,
late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,
Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,
Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,
Gai. Inst. 1, 147:si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?
Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:postuma spes,
the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,
id. Mag. p. 297, 23:cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,
with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:de postumo corporis,
Tert. adv. Gnost. 1. -
12 posterus
postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.I.Posit.:2.cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,
Cic. Clu. 13, 37:in posterum diem distulit,
id. Deiot. 7, 21:postero die mane,
id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,
Nep. Eum. 9, 4:postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:lux,
id. S. 1, 5, 39:posterā Crescam laude,
in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:posteri dies,
unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:B.expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,
Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:posterūm gloria,
Tac. A. 3, 72:postero, for postero die,
on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:quam minimum credula postero,
Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:in posterum oppugnationem differt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:in posterum confirmat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 3:multum in posterum providerunt,
Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:longe in posterum prospicere,
id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—II.Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.A.Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;2.opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,
id. Or. 6, 21:ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,
id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),
the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:genua,
id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,
Ov. F. 4, 718:posteriores cogitationes,
afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,
id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,
id. Brut. 11, 48:quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,
id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—Subst.a.postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):b.quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,
Dig. 38, 10, 10.—postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):B.posterius dicere,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,
i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:jubet posterius ad se reverti,
Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:Thucydides si posterius fuisset,
had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):III.quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,
id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:nihil posterius, nihil nequius,
id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,
I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,
Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.A.postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):2.alia prima ponet, alia postrema,
last, Cic. Or 15, 50:acies,
the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,
now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:in postremo libro,
at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:mense postremo,
Pall. 7, 2:munus, i. e. exsequiae,
the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:nec postrema cura,
not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:non in postremis, i. e. in primis,
especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,
Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,
id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:sed ad postremum nihil apparet,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,
Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:postremum mel et acetum superfundes,
Pall. 12, 22.—Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):B.postremum genus,
Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:servitus postremum malorum omnium,
id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,
App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:cum adulescentulis postremissimis,
App. Mag. p. 336.—po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:* 2.Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,
late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,
Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,
Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,
Gai. Inst. 1, 147:si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?
Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:postuma spes,
the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,
id. Mag. p. 297, 23:cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,
with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:de postumo corporis,
Tert. adv. Gnost. 1. -
13 postremus
postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.I.Posit.:2.cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,
Cic. Clu. 13, 37:in posterum diem distulit,
id. Deiot. 7, 21:postero die mane,
id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,
Nep. Eum. 9, 4:postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:lux,
id. S. 1, 5, 39:posterā Crescam laude,
in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:posteri dies,
unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:B.expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,
Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:posterūm gloria,
Tac. A. 3, 72:postero, for postero die,
on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:quam minimum credula postero,
Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:in posterum oppugnationem differt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:in posterum confirmat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 3:multum in posterum providerunt,
Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:longe in posterum prospicere,
id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—II.Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.A.Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;2.opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,
id. Or. 6, 21:ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,
id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),
the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:genua,
id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,
Ov. F. 4, 718:posteriores cogitationes,
afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,
id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,
id. Brut. 11, 48:quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,
id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—Subst.a.postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):b.quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,
Dig. 38, 10, 10.—postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):B.posterius dicere,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,
i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:jubet posterius ad se reverti,
Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:Thucydides si posterius fuisset,
had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):III.quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,
id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:nihil posterius, nihil nequius,
id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,
I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,
Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.A.postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):2.alia prima ponet, alia postrema,
last, Cic. Or 15, 50:acies,
the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,
now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:in postremo libro,
at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:mense postremo,
Pall. 7, 2:munus, i. e. exsequiae,
the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:nec postrema cura,
not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:non in postremis, i. e. in primis,
especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,
Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,
id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:sed ad postremum nihil apparet,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,
Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:postremum mel et acetum superfundes,
Pall. 12, 22.—Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):B.postremum genus,
Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:servitus postremum malorum omnium,
id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,
App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:cum adulescentulis postremissimis,
App. Mag. p. 336.—po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:* 2.Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,
late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,
Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,
Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,
Gai. Inst. 1, 147:si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?
Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:postuma spes,
the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,
id. Mag. p. 297, 23:cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,
with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:de postumo corporis,
Tert. adv. Gnost. 1. -
14 postumum
postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.I.Posit.:2.cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,
Cic. Clu. 13, 37:in posterum diem distulit,
id. Deiot. 7, 21:postero die mane,
id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,
Nep. Eum. 9, 4:postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:lux,
id. S. 1, 5, 39:posterā Crescam laude,
in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:posteri dies,
unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:B.expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,
Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:posterūm gloria,
Tac. A. 3, 72:postero, for postero die,
on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:quam minimum credula postero,
Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:in posterum oppugnationem differt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:in posterum confirmat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 3:multum in posterum providerunt,
Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:longe in posterum prospicere,
id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—II.Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.A.Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;2.opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,
id. Or. 6, 21:ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,
id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),
the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:genua,
id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,
Ov. F. 4, 718:posteriores cogitationes,
afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,
id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,
id. Brut. 11, 48:quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,
id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—Subst.a.postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):b.quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,
Dig. 38, 10, 10.—postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):B.posterius dicere,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,
i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:jubet posterius ad se reverti,
Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:Thucydides si posterius fuisset,
had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):III.quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,
id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:nihil posterius, nihil nequius,
id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,
I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,
Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.A.postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):2.alia prima ponet, alia postrema,
last, Cic. Or 15, 50:acies,
the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,
now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:in postremo libro,
at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:mense postremo,
Pall. 7, 2:munus, i. e. exsequiae,
the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:nec postrema cura,
not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:non in postremis, i. e. in primis,
especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,
Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,
id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:sed ad postremum nihil apparet,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,
Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:postremum mel et acetum superfundes,
Pall. 12, 22.—Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):B.postremum genus,
Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:servitus postremum malorum omnium,
id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,
App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:cum adulescentulis postremissimis,
App. Mag. p. 336.—po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:* 2.Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,
late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,
Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,
Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,
Gai. Inst. 1, 147:si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?
Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:postuma spes,
the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,
id. Mag. p. 297, 23:cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,
with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:de postumo corporis,
Tert. adv. Gnost. 1. -
15 agmen
agmĕn, ĭnis, n. [as if contr. from agimen, from ago; cf.: tegimen, tegmen, from tego].I.Lit.A.In gen., a train, i. e. a collected multitude in motion or moving forwards; of things of any kind, but esp. (so most freq. in prose) of men or animals. —Of streams of water, motion, course, current: quod per amoenam urbem lent fluit agmine flumen, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4:B.inde super terras fluit agmine dulci,
Lucr. 5, 272; cf. id. 6, 638; also,in imitation of Enn., Virg. and Val. Fl.: leni fluit agmine Thybris,
Verg. A. 2, 782; cf. Val. Fl. 4, 721.—Of a train or succession of clouds:denso sunt agmine nubes,
Lucr. 6, 100.—Of rain:immensum caelo venit agmen aquarum,
body, mass, Verg. G. 1, 322 —Of atoms:agmine condenso naturam corporis explent,
crowded into a compact mass, Lucr. 1, 607.—Of oars:agmine re morum ceieri,
with quick plashing of oars, Verg. A. 5, 211.—Of a flock of birds: agmi ne magno. Corvorum. Verg. G. 1, 381.—Of a snake winding onwards:cum medii nexus extremaeque agmina caudae Solvuntur,
Verg. G. 3, 424; cf. id. A. 2, 212.—Of clouds of dust following any thing in rapid motion, as men, animals, etc.:agmina cervi Pulverulenta,
Verg. A. 4, 154.—And, as subst. concr., of birds turba Agminis aligeri, of the winged band, Verg A. 12, 249.—Of ants;frugilegas aspeximus agmine longo formi cas,
Ov. M 7, 624; so id. ib. 7, 638.—Of the stars: diffugiunt stellae;quarum agmina cogit Lucifer,
Ov. M. 2, 114; so id. ib. 11, 97 al.—Eap. of a company of persons, a multitude, troop, crowd, number, band:ut a Brundisic nsque Romam agmen perpetuum totius Italiae viderem,
Cic. Pis. 22:magno senatorum agmine,
Tac. H. 3, 55:ingens mulierum agmen,
Liv. 2, 40:muliebre et miserabile agmen,
Tac. A. 1, 40: numerosum agmen reorum, Plin Ep. 3, 9, and Tac. H. 4, 6: Eumenidum agmina, Verg A. 4, 469.—But particularly,The train, procession, march, progress of an army:II.de castris, de agminibus, etc., dicere,
Cic. de Or. 1, 48, 210:ne miles gregarius in castris, neve in agmine servum aut jumentum haberet,
Sall. J. 45, 2:pugnatum saepe directā acie, saepe in agminibus, saepe eruptionibus,
Vell. 2, 47:effuso agmine abire,
Liv. 44, 39:uno agmine victores cum victis in urbem irrupere,
id. 2, 30;uno agmine persequentes,
Vulg. Judith, 15, 4 al. —Transf., concr., an army, and properly considered as in motion, on the march (while exercitus is a disciplined army, and acies an army in battle-array) —As soon as the signal for marching was given, the Extraordinarii and the allies of the right wing, with their baggage, first put themselves in motion, then the legions, and last the allies of the left wing, with a part of the cavalry, which either rode behind the army, ad agmen claudendum or cogendum. to close the train, i. e. to keep it to gether or on the side in such an order (composito agmine, non itineri magis apto quam proelio) that it might be easily put into the line of battle, if the enemy ven tured to attack it; cf. Sall. J. 46, 6.—An army in close ranks was called agmen justum, Tac. H. 1, 68, or agmen pilatum, Serv. ad Verg. A. 12, 121—When there was no apprehension of the enemy, less care was taken for the protection of the army:B.agmine incauto, i. e. minus munito, ut inter pacatos, ducebat, sc. consul,
Liv. 35, 4.—The order of march was, however, different, according to circumstances and the nature of the ground,
Liv. 35, 4; 27, 28; and cf. Smith's Antiq.—Sometimes the army marched in the form of a square, agmen quadratum, with their baggage in the middle, so as to be in battle-array on meeting the enemy; hence agmen quadratum often means the same as acies triplex, an army formed in line of battle, only that the former indicates that they are on the march, and the latter that they are at rest.—Hence, like acies, with the epithet primum, the vanguard, Liv. 34, 28; Tac. Agr. 35:medium,
the centre, Liv. 10, 41; Tac. H. 4, 22:extremum,
Liv. 34, 28; Tac. H. 2, 100;or, novissimum,
the rear, rearguard, Liv. 44, 33; so,extremi agminis,
Vulg. Deut. 25, 18:ut inde agmine quadratc ad urbem accederet,
marching in a square, Cic. Phil. 13, 8:pariter atque in conspectu hostium quadrato agmine incedere,
Sall. J 100, 1; cf. id. ib. 46, 6, 7:Hannibal agmine quadrato amnem ingressus,
Liv. 21, 5; se id. 31, 36; 37, 39:quadrato agmine velut in aciem irent,
Curt. 5, 1, 19 al. —Sometimes, esp. in the poets in the plur., in gen. [p. 73] sense, = exercitus or copiae, an army, host, troops:huic tanto agmini dux defuit,
Just. 12, 10:occidit Daci Cotisonis agmen,
Hor. C. 3, 8, 18:agmina curru Proterit,
Verg. A. 12, 329:barbarorum Claudius agmina diruit,
Hor. C. 4, 14, 29; so id. S. 2, 1, 14; id. Epod. 17, 9; Ov. M. 3, 535; 5, 151, 161; 6, 423:Del agminum Israël,
Vulg. 1 Reg. 17, 45:agmina ejus dispergam,
ib. Ezech. 12, 14; 38, 6.—For military service, warfare:rudis agminum Sponsus,
Hor. C. 3, 2, 9.—Trop.1.An army, troop, band, multitude:2.educenda dictio est ex hac domesticā exercitatione et umbratili medium in agmen, in pulverem, in clamorem, in castra, aciemque forensem,
i. e. before the public, Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 157:e Brundisio usque Romam agmen perpetuum totius Italiae,
an unbroken train, id. Pis. 22, 51:ingens mulierum agmen,
Liv. 2, 40; 9, 17:agmina Eumenidum,
Verg. A. 4, 469; 6, 572:agmina comitum,
Ov. Tr. 14, 30:in angusto fidus comes agmine turbae,
Tib. 1, 5, 63:numerosum agmen reorum,
Plin. Ep. 3, 9:agmen occupationum,
an army of, id. ib. 2, 8.— -
16 coactum
cōgo, cŏēgi, cŏactum (COGVIT = cogit, Inscr Marin Fratr Arv. p. 170), 3, v. a. [contr. from co-ago], to drive together to one point, to collect, compress, crowd, bring, or urge together, to assemble, gather together (class. and very freq.; syn.: colligo, congrego)I.Lit.A.In gen. (constr. as a verb of motion with in and acc., or with adv. of direction):B.cogantur (oves) intro,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 15; Verg. E. 3, 98; cf.pecus,
id. ib. 3, 20:oves stabulis,
id. ib. 6, 85:nubes in unum locum,
Lucr. 6, 274; cf. id. 6, 464; 6, 734:oleam,
to collect, Cato, R. R. 64, 1; 65, 2; 144, 1.—So of the collecting together of fruits, also in Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3; Col. 11, 2, 70; 12, 3, 9:talenta ad quindecim Coëgi,
received, collected, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 94 Ruhnk.; so Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 120; id. Att. 6, 2, 8; id. Rab. Post. 11, 30:Orgetorix ad judicium omnem suam familiam undique coëgit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 4; cf.:multitudinem hominum ex agris, id. ib: concilium,
id. ib. 7, 77; Verg. A. 11, 304:concilium Hypatam,
Liv. 36, 26, 1:bucina cogebat priscos ad verba Quirites,
Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—So of the collecting of troops ( = contrahere), Caes. B. C. 1, 15 fin.; cf. Sall. J. 95, 1:copias in unum locum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 6, 10 al.:exercitum in unum,
Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 2:multitudinem in unum,
Sall. J. 80, 2; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 4:in classem,
Liv. 36, 3, 5:milites in provinciam,
id. 43, 15, 7:exercitum Dyrrhachium,
Sall. H. 1, 31 Gerl.:ad militiam aliquos,
id. J. 85, 3:acies in proelia,
Verg. A. 9, 463:auxilia undique,
id. ib. 8, 7.—And of the calling together of a senate:quam cito senatum illo die coëgerim,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 3; Liv. 3, 39, 6 al.:dum senatus cogeretur,
Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 7:coguntur senatores non pignoribus, sed gratiā,
id. Phil. 1, 5, 12; Liv. 1, 48, 3 al.; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—And of a single senator:cur in senatum hesterno die tam acerbe cogerer?
Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 11 sq.:ex duabus syllabis in unam cogentes,
contracting, combining, Quint. 1, 5, 23 Spald. and Zumpt:quod ex omnibus partibus cogitur,
id. 5, 14, 9.—Esp.1.Of liquids, to thicken, condense, curdle, coagulate:2.mella frigore (opp. calore remittere),
Verg. G. 4, 36:lac in duritiam,
Plin. 23, 7, 64, § 126; cf. Ov. M. 8, 666:fel sole,
Plin. 29, 6, 37, § 116:liquorem in nivem,
id. 2, 39, 39, § 105; 2, 42, 42, § 111.—Similarly:coacta alvus,
hard fœces, Cels. 2, 8; 2, 3 al.; so,vestis coacta,
fulled, Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 192. —Of places, to draw together or contract into a narrow place: Italia coacta in angustias, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 3, 400:3.saltus in arctas coactus fauces,
Liv. 22, 15, 11.—Agmen, milit. t. t., to bring up the rear (cf. claudo, I. B. 2.), Liv. 34, 28, 7; 44, 4, 12; 35, 27, 15; 42, 64, 5; 42, 10, 8; Curt. 3, 3, 25 al.—II.Trop.A.In gen.:B.hac re in angustum oppido nunc meae coguntur copiae (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.),
Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 2:me ex comparato et constituto spatio defensionis in semihorae curriculum coëgisti,
have confined, restricted, Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 6:in eam desperationem, ut,
Suet. Caes. 20:verba in alternos pedes,
i. e. to write in elegiac verse, Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 10.—More freq.,Esp. with acc., inf., ut, ad, in or absol., to urge one to any action, to force, compel, constrain (syn.: impello, compello, adigo).(α).With acc.:(β).coactus legibus Eam uxorem ducet,
Ter. And. 4, 4, 41; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 44; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 36:vis cogendae militiae,
Liv. 4, 26, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.—With inf:(γ).omnia vertere,
Lucr. 5, 831; id. 5, 1167; 6, 837:mori me,
Verg. E. 2, 7:plerasque ad officium redire,
Nep. Milt. 7, 1; Liv. 38, 13, 2:neque cogi pugnare poterat,
id. 45, 41, 4 et saep.—With ut:(δ).vi coepi cogere ut rediret,
Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 26; so id. And. 4, 1, 30; id. Ad. 5, 3, 65; Lucr. 1, 976; 6, 127; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 9; id. Fam. 5, 6, 1; Nep. Alcib. 4, 5; Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 2.—With subj. without ut, cf. Ter. And. 4, 4, 41 supra.—With ad:(ε).ingratiis ad depugnandum omnes,
Nep. Them. 4, 4:ad lacrimas,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 57:ad proelia,
Verg. A. 12, 581:Samnites belloque ad bellum cogere,
Liv. 10, 11, 11; 23, 1, 4; 4, 22, 4; 34, 18, 2; Tac. A. 2, 21.—With in:(ζ).in lacrimas,
Ov. Ib. 204; Quint. 3, 8, 23;Auct. B. G. 8, 38: aliquem in deditionem,
Liv. 43, 1, 1; Sen. Clem. 1, 1.—With acc.1.With double acc.:2.cogere aliquem aliquid, or cogi aliquid,
Quint. 11, 1, 22:quod vos jus cogit, id voluntate impetret,
Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 44:quod sua quemque mala cogebant,
Liv. 3, 7, 8; 6, 15, 13; 23, 10, 6:cogi aliquid pro potestate ab tribuno,
to be extorted, id. 4, 26, 10:quid non mortalia pectora cogis, Auri sacra fames!
Verg. A. 3, 56.—With acc. of the thing:3.ne ad id, quod natura cogeret, ipse quoque sibi acceleraret,
Nep. Att. 22, 2:quod cogere se putat posse, rogare non sustinet,
Vell. 2, 81, 1:adulterium,
Ov. A. A. 2, 367.—Sometimes as philos. t. t. = colligo, concludo, to infer, conclude:4.ex quibus id quod volumus efficitur et cogitur,
Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 33; so id. Ep. ad Brut. 2, 7, 4.—Cogere agmen, to be the last (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.;1.v. I. B. 3. supra): ut nec duces simus, nec agmen cogamus,
Cic. Att. 15, 13, 1; cf.:sic ordinandus est dies omnis, ut tamquam cogat agmen,
Sen. Ep. 12, 8.—Hence,coactum, i, P. a. subst., a thick, fulled covering, a mattress (cf. coactilis), Caes. B. C. 3, 44 fin. —2.coactus, a, um, P. a., forced, constrained, unnatural:3.quod absurdum et nimis coactum foret,
Gell. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. 16, 14, 3:lacrimae,
Verg. A. 2, 196; Ov. M. 6, 628.—coactē, adv. (prop. in a contracted manner; hence), [p. 363]a. b. c.In a forced, constrained manner, Tert. Bapt. 12; id. Anim. 42 al. -
17 cogo
cōgo, cŏēgi, cŏactum (COGVIT = cogit, Inscr Marin Fratr Arv. p. 170), 3, v. a. [contr. from co-ago], to drive together to one point, to collect, compress, crowd, bring, or urge together, to assemble, gather together (class. and very freq.; syn.: colligo, congrego)I.Lit.A.In gen. (constr. as a verb of motion with in and acc., or with adv. of direction):B.cogantur (oves) intro,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 15; Verg. E. 3, 98; cf.pecus,
id. ib. 3, 20:oves stabulis,
id. ib. 6, 85:nubes in unum locum,
Lucr. 6, 274; cf. id. 6, 464; 6, 734:oleam,
to collect, Cato, R. R. 64, 1; 65, 2; 144, 1.—So of the collecting together of fruits, also in Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3; Col. 11, 2, 70; 12, 3, 9:talenta ad quindecim Coëgi,
received, collected, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 94 Ruhnk.; so Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 120; id. Att. 6, 2, 8; id. Rab. Post. 11, 30:Orgetorix ad judicium omnem suam familiam undique coëgit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 4; cf.:multitudinem hominum ex agris, id. ib: concilium,
id. ib. 7, 77; Verg. A. 11, 304:concilium Hypatam,
Liv. 36, 26, 1:bucina cogebat priscos ad verba Quirites,
Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—So of the collecting of troops ( = contrahere), Caes. B. C. 1, 15 fin.; cf. Sall. J. 95, 1:copias in unum locum,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 6, 10 al.:exercitum in unum,
Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 2:multitudinem in unum,
Sall. J. 80, 2; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 4:in classem,
Liv. 36, 3, 5:milites in provinciam,
id. 43, 15, 7:exercitum Dyrrhachium,
Sall. H. 1, 31 Gerl.:ad militiam aliquos,
id. J. 85, 3:acies in proelia,
Verg. A. 9, 463:auxilia undique,
id. ib. 8, 7.—And of the calling together of a senate:quam cito senatum illo die coëgerim,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 3; Liv. 3, 39, 6 al.:dum senatus cogeretur,
Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 7:coguntur senatores non pignoribus, sed gratiā,
id. Phil. 1, 5, 12; Liv. 1, 48, 3 al.; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 1, 13.—And of a single senator:cur in senatum hesterno die tam acerbe cogerer?
Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 11 sq.:ex duabus syllabis in unam cogentes,
contracting, combining, Quint. 1, 5, 23 Spald. and Zumpt:quod ex omnibus partibus cogitur,
id. 5, 14, 9.—Esp.1.Of liquids, to thicken, condense, curdle, coagulate:2.mella frigore (opp. calore remittere),
Verg. G. 4, 36:lac in duritiam,
Plin. 23, 7, 64, § 126; cf. Ov. M. 8, 666:fel sole,
Plin. 29, 6, 37, § 116:liquorem in nivem,
id. 2, 39, 39, § 105; 2, 42, 42, § 111.—Similarly:coacta alvus,
hard fœces, Cels. 2, 8; 2, 3 al.; so,vestis coacta,
fulled, Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 192. —Of places, to draw together or contract into a narrow place: Italia coacta in angustias, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 3, 400:3.saltus in arctas coactus fauces,
Liv. 22, 15, 11.—Agmen, milit. t. t., to bring up the rear (cf. claudo, I. B. 2.), Liv. 34, 28, 7; 44, 4, 12; 35, 27, 15; 42, 64, 5; 42, 10, 8; Curt. 3, 3, 25 al.—II.Trop.A.In gen.:B.hac re in angustum oppido nunc meae coguntur copiae (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.),
Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 2:me ex comparato et constituto spatio defensionis in semihorae curriculum coëgisti,
have confined, restricted, Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 6:in eam desperationem, ut,
Suet. Caes. 20:verba in alternos pedes,
i. e. to write in elegiac verse, Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 10.—More freq.,Esp. with acc., inf., ut, ad, in or absol., to urge one to any action, to force, compel, constrain (syn.: impello, compello, adigo).(α).With acc.:(β).coactus legibus Eam uxorem ducet,
Ter. And. 4, 4, 41; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 44; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 36:vis cogendae militiae,
Liv. 4, 26, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.—With inf:(γ).omnia vertere,
Lucr. 5, 831; id. 5, 1167; 6, 837:mori me,
Verg. E. 2, 7:plerasque ad officium redire,
Nep. Milt. 7, 1; Liv. 38, 13, 2:neque cogi pugnare poterat,
id. 45, 41, 4 et saep.—With ut:(δ).vi coepi cogere ut rediret,
Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 26; so id. And. 4, 1, 30; id. Ad. 5, 3, 65; Lucr. 1, 976; 6, 127; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 9; id. Fam. 5, 6, 1; Nep. Alcib. 4, 5; Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 2.—With subj. without ut, cf. Ter. And. 4, 4, 41 supra.—With ad:(ε).ingratiis ad depugnandum omnes,
Nep. Them. 4, 4:ad lacrimas,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 57:ad proelia,
Verg. A. 12, 581:Samnites belloque ad bellum cogere,
Liv. 10, 11, 11; 23, 1, 4; 4, 22, 4; 34, 18, 2; Tac. A. 2, 21.—With in:(ζ).in lacrimas,
Ov. Ib. 204; Quint. 3, 8, 23;Auct. B. G. 8, 38: aliquem in deditionem,
Liv. 43, 1, 1; Sen. Clem. 1, 1.—With acc.1.With double acc.:2.cogere aliquem aliquid, or cogi aliquid,
Quint. 11, 1, 22:quod vos jus cogit, id voluntate impetret,
Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 44:quod sua quemque mala cogebant,
Liv. 3, 7, 8; 6, 15, 13; 23, 10, 6:cogi aliquid pro potestate ab tribuno,
to be extorted, id. 4, 26, 10:quid non mortalia pectora cogis, Auri sacra fames!
Verg. A. 3, 56.—With acc. of the thing:3.ne ad id, quod natura cogeret, ipse quoque sibi acceleraret,
Nep. Att. 22, 2:quod cogere se putat posse, rogare non sustinet,
Vell. 2, 81, 1:adulterium,
Ov. A. A. 2, 367.—Sometimes as philos. t. t. = colligo, concludo, to infer, conclude:4.ex quibus id quod volumus efficitur et cogitur,
Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 33; so id. Ep. ad Brut. 2, 7, 4.—Cogere agmen, to be the last (the figure borrowed from milit. lang.;1.v. I. B. 3. supra): ut nec duces simus, nec agmen cogamus,
Cic. Att. 15, 13, 1; cf.:sic ordinandus est dies omnis, ut tamquam cogat agmen,
Sen. Ep. 12, 8.—Hence,coactum, i, P. a. subst., a thick, fulled covering, a mattress (cf. coactilis), Caes. B. C. 3, 44 fin. —2.coactus, a, um, P. a., forced, constrained, unnatural:3.quod absurdum et nimis coactum foret,
Gell. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. 16, 14, 3:lacrimae,
Verg. A. 2, 196; Ov. M. 6, 628.—coactē, adv. (prop. in a contracted manner; hence), [p. 363]a. b. c.In a forced, constrained manner, Tert. Bapt. 12; id. Anim. 42 al. -
18 haereo
haerĕo, haesi, haesum, 2, v. n. [etym. dub.], to hang or hold fast, to hang, stick, cleave, cling, adhere, be fixed, sit fast, remain close to any thing or in any manner (class. and very freq., esp. in the trop. sense; cf. pendeo); usually constr. with in, the simple abl. or absol., less freq. with dat., with ad, sub, ex, etc.I.Lit.:b.ut videamus, terra penitusne defixa sit, et quasi radicibus suis haereat, an media pendeat?
Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 122; so,terra ima sede semper haeret,
id. Rep. 6, 18:linguam ad radices ejus haerens excipit stomachus,
id. N. D. 2, 54, 135:scalarum gradus male haerentes,
holding, adhering, id. Fam. 6, 7, 3; cf.:haerent parietibus scalae,
Verg. A. 2, 442:haerere in equo,
sit fast, keep his seat, Cic. Deiot. 10, 28;for which: nescit equo rudis Haerere ingenuus puer,
Hor. C. 3, 24, 55:male laxus In pede calceus haeret,
id. S. 1, 3, 32; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 144:haeret nonnumquam telum illud occultum,
id. 9, 2, 75:pugnus in mala haeret,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 17:haesitque in corpore ferrum,
Verg. A. 11, 864;for which: tergo volucres haesere sagittae,
id. ib. 12, 415; cf.:scindat haerentem coronam crinibus,
Hor. C. 1, 17, 27; and:haerentem capiti cum multa laude coronam,
id. S. 1, 10, 49:carinae,
Ov. M. 8, 144:alae,
id. ib. 12, 570:(fames) utero haeret meo,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 16:haeret pede pes,
Verg. A. 10, 361:ubi demisi retem atque hamum, quicquid haesit, extraho,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 45; cf.:os devoratum fauce cum haereret lupi,
Phaedr. 1, 8, 4; and:graves currus illuvie et voraginibus haerebant,
Curt. 8, 4:classis in vado haerebat,
id. 9, 19:haerentes adverso litore naves,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 205:gremioque in Jasonis haerens,
Ov. M. 7, 66; cf.:haeret in complexu liberorum,
Quint. 6, 1, 42;for which: Avidisque amplexibus haerent,
Ov. M. 7, 143;cupide in Veneris compagibus haerent,
Lucr. 4, 1113;for which: validis Veneris compagibus haerent,
id. 4, 1204; and:(anulus) caecis in eo (lapide) compagibus haesit,
id. 6, 1016:communibus inter se radicibus haerent,
id. 3, 325; 5, 554:foliis sub omnibus haerent (Somnia),
Verg. A. 6, 284:gladius intra vaginam suam haerens,
Quint. 8 praef. §15: ipse inter media tela hostium evasit. Duo turmae haesere,
i. e. failed to break through, Liv. 29, 33, 7:alii globo illati haerebant,
id. 22, 5, 5.—Prov.(α).Haerere in luto, i. e. to be in trouble, difficulty:(β).tali in luto haerere,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 66 (for [p. 838] which:nunc homo in medio luto est,
id. Ps. 4, 2, 28); cf. haesito, I.—In salebra: proclivi currit oratio: venit ad extremum: haeret in salebra, runs aground, i. e. is at a loss, Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 84.—In a like sense,Aqua haeret, the water (in the waterclock) stops; v. aqua.II.Trop.A.In gen., to hold fast, remain attached or fixed, to keep firm, adhere:B.improbis semper aliqui scrupus in animis haereat,
Cic. Rep. 3, 16; cf.:infixus animo haeret dolor,
id. Phil. 2, 26, 64:haerent infixi pectore vultus,
Verg. A. 4, 4:haerere in memoria,
Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2; cf.:quae mihi in visceribus haerent,
i. e. firmly impressed upon my heart, memory, id. Att. 6, 1, 8; and:in medullis populi Romani ac visceribus haerere,
id. Phil. 1, 15, 36:mihi haeres in medullis,
id. Fam. 15, 16, 2:in omnium gentium sermonibus ac mentibus semper haerere,
id. Cat. 4, 10, 22:hi in oculis haerebunt,
i. e. will be always present, id. Phil. 13, 3, 5:in te omnis haeret culpa,
adheres, cleaves, Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 32:ut peccatum haereat, non in eo, qui monuerit, sed in eo, qui non obtemperarit,
Cic. Div. 1, 16, 30.—With dat.:potest hoc homini huic haerere peccatum?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 17:quod privatarum rerum dedecus non haeret infamiae (tuae)?
id. Cat. 1, 6, 13:in quo (Caelio) crimen non haerebat,
id. Cael. 7, 15:neque (possit) haerere in tam bona causa tam acerba injuria,
id. Fam. 6, 5, 2: cum ante illud facetum dictum emissum haerere debeat, quam cogitari potuisse videatur, must have hit (the figure being that of an arrow shot from the bow), id. de Or. 2, 54, 219: in quos incensos ira vitamque domini desperantes cum incidisset, haesit in iis poenis, quas, etc., fell into, incurred those penalties (the figure is that of a bird which is limed, caught), id. Mil. 21, 56:nec dubie repetundarum criminibus haerebant,
Tac. A. 4, 19: in hoc flexu quasi aetatis fama adolescentis paulum haesit ad metas, hung back, was caught (the figure being taken from the race-course), Cic. Cael. 31, 75;v. meta: neu quid medios intercinat actus, Quod non proposito conducat et haereat apte,
i. e. fits, suits, Hor. A. P. 195.—In partic.1.With the idea of nearness predominating, to keep near or close to a person, to join or attach one's self to, to follow (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):b.perfice hoc Precibus, pretio, ut haeream in parte aliqua tandem apud Thaidem,
may keep about her, Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 25; cf.:ego illum audivi in amorem haerere apud nescio quam fidicinam,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 7:haeres ad latus, omnia experiris,
Cat. 21, 6:Antorem comitem, qui missus ab Argis, Haeserat Evandro,
Verg. A. 10, 780:obtinenti Africam comes haeserat,
Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 2; Quint. 1, 2, 10:Curtius Nicia (grammaticus) haesit Cn. Pompeio et C. Memmio,
Suet. Gramm. 14.— Poet.:haeremus cuncti superis, temploque tacente Nil facimus non sponte deo,
cling to, depend on, Luc. 9, 573.—Hence,In a bad sense: in tergis, tergis, in tergo, to hang upon one's rear, i. e. to pursue closely:2.haerebit in tergis fugientium victor,
Curt. 4, 15 fin.:se cum exercitu tergis eorum haesurum,
Tac. H. 4, 19:Haerens in tergo Romanus,
Liv. 1, 14 11 Weissenb. (better than terga, the lect. vulg.).—With the idea of duration in time predominating, to remain fixed, to abide or continue anywhere, to keep at, stick to any thing (class.):3.metui, ne haereret hic (Athenis),
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 49:in obsidione castelli exigui,
Curt. 5, 3, 4:circa muros unius urbis,
id. 4, 4; cf.:circa libidines,
Suet. Aug. 71: volitare in foro, haerere in jure ac praetorum tribulibus, to go loitering or dangling about, Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 173: et siccis vultus in nubibus haerent, hang upon, i. e. remain long looking at, Luc. 4, 331; cf.:vultus, dum crederet, haesit,
id. 9, 1036:haerere in eadem commorarique sententia,
Cic. Or. 40, 137; cf.:mea ratio in dicendo haec esse solet, ut boni quod habeat, id amplectar, ibi habitem, ibi haeream,
id. de Or. 2, 72, 292:quonam modo ille in bonis haerebit et habitabit suis?
id. Or. 15, 49:equidem in libris haereo,
id. Att. 13, 40, 2; cf.:valde in scribendo haereo,
id. ib. 13, 39, 2:plurima sunt, nitidis maculam haesuram figentia rebus,
lasting, durable, Juv. 14, 2.—With the idea of hindrance to free motion predominating, to stick fast, be brought to a stand-still, to be embarrassed, perplexed, at a loss, to hesitate, to be suspended or retarded (class.).(α).Of persons:(β).haerebat nebulo: quo se verteret, non habebat,
Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 74; cf.:haerebat in tabulis publicis reus et accusator,
id. Clu. 31, 86:cogitate in his iniquitatibus unum haesisse Apollonium: ceteros profecto multos ex his incommodis pecunia se liberasse,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 9, § 23:in multis nominibus,
id. N. D. 3, 24, 62:in media stultitia,
id. Tusc. 3, 28, 70; cf.:isti physici raro admodum, cum haerent aliquo loco, exclamant, abstrusa esse omnia, etc.,
id. Ac. 2, 5, 14:in quo etiam Democritus haeret,
id. Fin. 1, 6, 20:at in altero illo, inquit, haeres. Immo habeo tibi gratiam. Haererem enim, nisi tu me expedisses,
id. Pis. 30, 74:in ceteris subvenies, si me haerentem videbis,
id. Fin. 3, 4, 16:quid machiner? quid comminiscar? haereo,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 17; id. Merc. 3, 4, 15; 4, 3, 38; 24; cf.:aut quia non firmus rectum defendis et haeres,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 26:haesit circa formas litterarum (puer),
Quint. 1, 1, 21; cf. id. 1, 7, 35:haeres et dubitas,
Juv. 3, 135; 6, 281.—Of things:nunc homo in lutost. Nomen nescit: haeret haec res,
i. e. is perplexing, cannot be explained, Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 28; id. Amph. 2, 2, 182; id. Trin. 4, 2, 59; cf.: occisa est haec res;haeret hoc negotium,
id. Ps. 1, 5, 8:nec umquam tanta fuerit loquendi facultas, ut non titubet atque haereat, quotiens ab animo verba dissentiunt,
Quint. 12, 1, 29:Hectoris Aeneaeque manu victoria Graiūm Haesit,
i. e. was retarded, Verg. A. 11, 290; cf.:constitit hic bellum fortunaque Caesaris haesit,
Luc. 7, 547:cum in hac difficultate rerum consilium haereret,
Liv. 26, 36, 1. -
19 submisse
I.With the force of sub predominating (mostly poet. and in post- Aug. prose; cf. subicio).1.In gen.a.To set, put, or place under or below:b.singuli agni binis nutricibus submittuntur: nec quicquam subtrahi submissis expedit,
Col. 7, 4, 3:vaccas tauris (for breeding),
Pall. Jul. 4:vaccas in feturam,
id. ib. 4, 1:equas alternis annis,
id. Mart. 13, 6:canterium vitibus,
Col. 4, 14, 1.—To send or put forth below, or from below, to cause to spring forth, to send up, produce, raise:2.tellus submittit flores,
puls forth, produces, Lucr. 1, 8: fetus (tellus), id. 1, 193:pabula pascendis equis (tellus),
Luc. 4, 411:quo colores (humus formosa),
Prop. 1, 2, 9; cf. poet.: non monstrum summisere Colchi Majus, did not produce (from the sowing of the dragon's teeth), Hor. C. 4, 4, 63:summissas tendunt alta ad Capitolia dextras,
upraised, Sil. 12, 640; so,palmas,
id. 4, 411:manus,
Sen. Oedip. 226; cf.in a Gr. construction: summissi palmas,
Sil. 1, 673.—In partic., an econom. t. t., of animals or plants, to bring up, rear, raise; to let grow, not kill or cut off (cf. alo):3.arictes,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 18; 2, 3, 4; 2, 3, 8:tauros,
Verg. E. 1, 46:pullos equorum,
id. G. 3, 73:vitulos,
id. ib. 3, 159; Col. 7, 9, 4; Dig. 7, 1, 70:materiam vitis constituendae causā,
Col. Arb. 5, 1:frutices in semen,
id. ib. 11, 3, 36; 4, 31, 2; 4, 14, 3;3, 10, 15: prata in faenum,
to let grow for hay, Cato, R. R. 8, 1; Varr. R. R. 1, 49, 1; Col. 11, 2, 27.—Trop.(α).To put in the place of, substitute for, supersede (rare):(β). B. 1.huic vos non summittetis? hunc diutius manere patiemini?
Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 8:interim tamen, quamdiu summittantur et suppleantur capita quae demortua sunt,
Dig. 7, 1, 70, § 1:necesse habebit alios fetus summittere,
ib. 7, 1, 70, §§ 2 and 5.—Lit.:2.se ad pedes,
Liv. 45, 7:se patri ad genua,
Suet. Tib. 20:latus in herbā,
Ov. M. 3, 23:caput in herbā,
id. ib. 3, 502; cf.verticem,
id. ib. 8, 638:genu,
id. ib. 4, 340; Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 3; cf.:poplitem in terrā,
Ov. M. 7, 191:aures (opp. surrigere),
Plin. 10, 48, 67, § 132:oculos,
Ov. F. 3, 372:faciem,
Suet. Calig. 36; cf. id. Aug. 79:fasces,
Plin. 7, 30, 31, § 112; cf. Cic. Brut. 6, 22:capillum,
to let grow, Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 14; Sen. Cons. ad Pol. 36, 5:crinem barbamque,
Tac. G. 31; Suet. Caes. 67; id. Aug. 23; id. Calig. 47.—Mid.:Tiberis aestate summittitur,
sinks, falls, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 12.—Trop., to lower, let down, make lower, reduce, moderate, etc.:II.ut ii, qui superiores sunt, summittere se debent in amicitiā: sic quodammodo inferiores extollere,
condescend, Cic. Lael. 20, 72:tributim summisi me et supplicavi,
id. Planc. 10, 24:summittere se in humilitatem causam dicentium,
Liv. 38, 52, 2:summittere se in privatum fastigium,
id. 27, 31, 6:ut in actoribus Graecis fieri videmus, saepe illum, qui est secundarum aut tertiarum partium, cum possit aliquanto clarius dicere, quam ipse primarium, multum summittere, ut ille princeps quam maxime excellat,
to moderate his efforts, restrain himself, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:inceptum frustra submitte furorem,
Verg. A. 12, 832: orationem tam summittere quam attollere decet, to sink, i. e. speak in a plain style, Plin. Ep. 3, 13, 4:ut illud lene aut ascendit ad fortiora aut ad tenuiora summittitur,
Quint. 12, 10, 67; cf.:quando attollenda vel summittenda sit vox,
id. 1, 8, 1:(soni) cum intentione summittendā sunt temperandi,
id. 11, 3, 42: (praeceptorem) summittentem se ad mensuram discentis, accommodating his instructions to the capacity, etc., id. 2, 3, 7:ad calamitates animos,
to submit, bow, Liv. 23, 25: animum periculo, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 3, 3:animos amori,
to surrender, Verg. A. 4, 414:se temporibus,
Sen. Tranq. An. 4, 1:verba summittere,
to speak humbly, id. Ep. 11, 7; id. Vit. Beat. 17, 1:alicui se,
to yield precedence, Just. 13, 2, 3:se culpae,
i. e. to commit, Ov. H. 4, 151:furorem,
to put down, quell, Verg. A. 12, 832:neque enim pudor sed aemuli pretia submittunt,
Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 21:proinde ne submiseris te,
be not disheartened, Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6.—With dat.:nimis videtur submisisse temporibus se Athenodorus,
yielded, Sen. Tranq. An. 4, 1:neutri fortunae se submittere,
id. Ep. 66, 6:animum saevienti fortunae,
Tac. A. 2, 72:ut ei aliquis se submitteret,
accept his sovereignty, Just. 13, 2, 3.The signif. of the verb predominating, to send or despatch secretly, provide secretly:B.summittebat iste Timarchidem, qui moneret eos, si, etc.,
secretly despatched, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 28, § 69.— Absol.:iste ad pupillae matrem summittebat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 41, § 105:summissis consularibus viris, qui peierarent,
suborned, Suet. Ner. 28 init. —In gen., to send, send off, despatch, supply (class.):A.summittit cohortes equitibus praesidio,
Caes. B. G. 5, 58:subsidium alicui,
id. ib. 2, 6; so,subsidium,
id. ib. 2, 25; 4, 26; id. B. C. 1, 43:auxilium laborantibus,
id. ib. 7, 85: quoad exercitus huc summittatis, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 6; Juv. 1, 36:sibi destinatum in animo esse, imperium alicui,
to transfer, resign, Liv. 6, 6, 7:vinea summittit capreas non semper edules,
furnishes, supplies, Hor. S. 2, 4, 43. —Hence, summissus ( subm-), a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B.).Lit., let down, lowered, low (very rare):B.scutis super capita densatis, stantibus primis, secundis submissioribus,
stooping lower, Liv. 44, 9, 6:Caelicolae Summisso humiles intrarunt vertice postes,
Ov. M. 8, 638:bracchia,
id. P. 3, 1, 150; Col. 6, 30, 5:capillo summissiore,
hanging lower down, Suet. Tib. 68:purpura,
Quint. 11, 3, 159:oculi,
Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 145.—Trop. (class. and freq.).1.Of the voice or of speech in gen., low, soft, gentle, calm, not vehement (syn.:2.lenis, suppressus): et contentā voce atrociter dicere et summissa leniter,
Cic. Or. 17, 56:vox (with lenis),
Quint. 11, 3, 63; Ov. M. 7, 90 al.:murmur,
Quint. 11, 3, 45:oratio placida, summissa, lenis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 43, 183; so,oratio,
Caes. B. C. 3, 19; Quint. 11, 1, 9. — Comp.:lenior atque summissior oratio,
Quint. 11, 1, 64:(sermo) miscens elata summissis,
id. 11, 3, 43:actio,
id. 7, 4, 27. — Transf., of an orator:forma summissi oratoris,
Cic. Or. 26, 90; so (with humilis) id. ib. 23, 76:in prooemiis plerumque summissi,
Quint. 9, 4, 138.—Of character or disposition.a.In a bad sense, low, mean, grovelling, abject (syn. abjectus):b.videndum est, ne quid humile, summissum, molle, effeminatum, fractum abjectumque faciamus,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 30, 64:vivere neque summissum et abjectum, neque se efferentem,
id. Off. 1, 34, 124:adulatio,
Quint. 11, 1, 30. —In a good sense, humble, submissive (syn.:2.humilis, supplex): submissi petimus terram,
Verg. A. 3, 93:causae reorum,
Quint. 11, 3, 154:civitates calamitate summissiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 31, 2:preces,
Luc. 8, 594; cf.:summissa precatur,
Val. Fl. 7, 476:tristem viro summissus honorem Largitur vitae,
yielding, overcome, Stat. Th. 1, 662.—The sup. seems not to occur.—Hence, subst.: summissa, ōrum, n. (acc. to I. A. 3. supra), substitutes (sc. capita), Dig. 7, 1, 70, § 5. —(Sc. verba.) Calm passages, quiet sayings:1.summissa, qualia in epilogis sunt,
Quint. 9, 4, 137.— Adv.: sum-missē ( subm-).Of speech, softly, gently, calmly, not loudly or harshly:2.dicere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 215.— Comp., Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 212 (opp. contentius):sciscitari,
Petr. 105 fin. —Of character, calmly, quietly, modestly, humbly, submissively:alicui summisse supplicare,
Cic. Planc. 5, 12:scribere alicui,
Tac. H. 3, 9 fin.:loqui (opp. aspere),
Quint. 6, 5, 5:agere (opp. minanter),
Ov. A. A. 3, 582.— Comp.:summissius se gerere,
Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90:dolere,
Claud. B. Gild. 247.—No sup. -
20 submitto
I.With the force of sub predominating (mostly poet. and in post- Aug. prose; cf. subicio).1.In gen.a.To set, put, or place under or below:b.singuli agni binis nutricibus submittuntur: nec quicquam subtrahi submissis expedit,
Col. 7, 4, 3:vaccas tauris (for breeding),
Pall. Jul. 4:vaccas in feturam,
id. ib. 4, 1:equas alternis annis,
id. Mart. 13, 6:canterium vitibus,
Col. 4, 14, 1.—To send or put forth below, or from below, to cause to spring forth, to send up, produce, raise:2.tellus submittit flores,
puls forth, produces, Lucr. 1, 8: fetus (tellus), id. 1, 193:pabula pascendis equis (tellus),
Luc. 4, 411:quo colores (humus formosa),
Prop. 1, 2, 9; cf. poet.: non monstrum summisere Colchi Majus, did not produce (from the sowing of the dragon's teeth), Hor. C. 4, 4, 63:summissas tendunt alta ad Capitolia dextras,
upraised, Sil. 12, 640; so,palmas,
id. 4, 411:manus,
Sen. Oedip. 226; cf.in a Gr. construction: summissi palmas,
Sil. 1, 673.—In partic., an econom. t. t., of animals or plants, to bring up, rear, raise; to let grow, not kill or cut off (cf. alo):3.arictes,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 18; 2, 3, 4; 2, 3, 8:tauros,
Verg. E. 1, 46:pullos equorum,
id. G. 3, 73:vitulos,
id. ib. 3, 159; Col. 7, 9, 4; Dig. 7, 1, 70:materiam vitis constituendae causā,
Col. Arb. 5, 1:frutices in semen,
id. ib. 11, 3, 36; 4, 31, 2; 4, 14, 3;3, 10, 15: prata in faenum,
to let grow for hay, Cato, R. R. 8, 1; Varr. R. R. 1, 49, 1; Col. 11, 2, 27.—Trop.(α).To put in the place of, substitute for, supersede (rare):(β). B. 1.huic vos non summittetis? hunc diutius manere patiemini?
Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 8:interim tamen, quamdiu summittantur et suppleantur capita quae demortua sunt,
Dig. 7, 1, 70, § 1:necesse habebit alios fetus summittere,
ib. 7, 1, 70, §§ 2 and 5.—Lit.:2.se ad pedes,
Liv. 45, 7:se patri ad genua,
Suet. Tib. 20:latus in herbā,
Ov. M. 3, 23:caput in herbā,
id. ib. 3, 502; cf.verticem,
id. ib. 8, 638:genu,
id. ib. 4, 340; Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 3; cf.:poplitem in terrā,
Ov. M. 7, 191:aures (opp. surrigere),
Plin. 10, 48, 67, § 132:oculos,
Ov. F. 3, 372:faciem,
Suet. Calig. 36; cf. id. Aug. 79:fasces,
Plin. 7, 30, 31, § 112; cf. Cic. Brut. 6, 22:capillum,
to let grow, Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 14; Sen. Cons. ad Pol. 36, 5:crinem barbamque,
Tac. G. 31; Suet. Caes. 67; id. Aug. 23; id. Calig. 47.—Mid.:Tiberis aestate summittitur,
sinks, falls, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 12.—Trop., to lower, let down, make lower, reduce, moderate, etc.:II.ut ii, qui superiores sunt, summittere se debent in amicitiā: sic quodammodo inferiores extollere,
condescend, Cic. Lael. 20, 72:tributim summisi me et supplicavi,
id. Planc. 10, 24:summittere se in humilitatem causam dicentium,
Liv. 38, 52, 2:summittere se in privatum fastigium,
id. 27, 31, 6:ut in actoribus Graecis fieri videmus, saepe illum, qui est secundarum aut tertiarum partium, cum possit aliquanto clarius dicere, quam ipse primarium, multum summittere, ut ille princeps quam maxime excellat,
to moderate his efforts, restrain himself, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:inceptum frustra submitte furorem,
Verg. A. 12, 832: orationem tam summittere quam attollere decet, to sink, i. e. speak in a plain style, Plin. Ep. 3, 13, 4:ut illud lene aut ascendit ad fortiora aut ad tenuiora summittitur,
Quint. 12, 10, 67; cf.:quando attollenda vel summittenda sit vox,
id. 1, 8, 1:(soni) cum intentione summittendā sunt temperandi,
id. 11, 3, 42: (praeceptorem) summittentem se ad mensuram discentis, accommodating his instructions to the capacity, etc., id. 2, 3, 7:ad calamitates animos,
to submit, bow, Liv. 23, 25: animum periculo, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 3, 3:animos amori,
to surrender, Verg. A. 4, 414:se temporibus,
Sen. Tranq. An. 4, 1:verba summittere,
to speak humbly, id. Ep. 11, 7; id. Vit. Beat. 17, 1:alicui se,
to yield precedence, Just. 13, 2, 3:se culpae,
i. e. to commit, Ov. H. 4, 151:furorem,
to put down, quell, Verg. A. 12, 832:neque enim pudor sed aemuli pretia submittunt,
Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 21:proinde ne submiseris te,
be not disheartened, Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6.—With dat.:nimis videtur submisisse temporibus se Athenodorus,
yielded, Sen. Tranq. An. 4, 1:neutri fortunae se submittere,
id. Ep. 66, 6:animum saevienti fortunae,
Tac. A. 2, 72:ut ei aliquis se submitteret,
accept his sovereignty, Just. 13, 2, 3.The signif. of the verb predominating, to send or despatch secretly, provide secretly:B.summittebat iste Timarchidem, qui moneret eos, si, etc.,
secretly despatched, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 28, § 69.— Absol.:iste ad pupillae matrem summittebat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 41, § 105:summissis consularibus viris, qui peierarent,
suborned, Suet. Ner. 28 init. —In gen., to send, send off, despatch, supply (class.):A.summittit cohortes equitibus praesidio,
Caes. B. G. 5, 58:subsidium alicui,
id. ib. 2, 6; so,subsidium,
id. ib. 2, 25; 4, 26; id. B. C. 1, 43:auxilium laborantibus,
id. ib. 7, 85: quoad exercitus huc summittatis, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 6; Juv. 1, 36:sibi destinatum in animo esse, imperium alicui,
to transfer, resign, Liv. 6, 6, 7:vinea summittit capreas non semper edules,
furnishes, supplies, Hor. S. 2, 4, 43. —Hence, summissus ( subm-), a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B.).Lit., let down, lowered, low (very rare):B.scutis super capita densatis, stantibus primis, secundis submissioribus,
stooping lower, Liv. 44, 9, 6:Caelicolae Summisso humiles intrarunt vertice postes,
Ov. M. 8, 638:bracchia,
id. P. 3, 1, 150; Col. 6, 30, 5:capillo summissiore,
hanging lower down, Suet. Tib. 68:purpura,
Quint. 11, 3, 159:oculi,
Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 145.—Trop. (class. and freq.).1.Of the voice or of speech in gen., low, soft, gentle, calm, not vehement (syn.:2.lenis, suppressus): et contentā voce atrociter dicere et summissa leniter,
Cic. Or. 17, 56:vox (with lenis),
Quint. 11, 3, 63; Ov. M. 7, 90 al.:murmur,
Quint. 11, 3, 45:oratio placida, summissa, lenis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 43, 183; so,oratio,
Caes. B. C. 3, 19; Quint. 11, 1, 9. — Comp.:lenior atque summissior oratio,
Quint. 11, 1, 64:(sermo) miscens elata summissis,
id. 11, 3, 43:actio,
id. 7, 4, 27. — Transf., of an orator:forma summissi oratoris,
Cic. Or. 26, 90; so (with humilis) id. ib. 23, 76:in prooemiis plerumque summissi,
Quint. 9, 4, 138.—Of character or disposition.a.In a bad sense, low, mean, grovelling, abject (syn. abjectus):b.videndum est, ne quid humile, summissum, molle, effeminatum, fractum abjectumque faciamus,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 30, 64:vivere neque summissum et abjectum, neque se efferentem,
id. Off. 1, 34, 124:adulatio,
Quint. 11, 1, 30. —In a good sense, humble, submissive (syn.:2.humilis, supplex): submissi petimus terram,
Verg. A. 3, 93:causae reorum,
Quint. 11, 3, 154:civitates calamitate summissiores,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 31, 2:preces,
Luc. 8, 594; cf.:summissa precatur,
Val. Fl. 7, 476:tristem viro summissus honorem Largitur vitae,
yielding, overcome, Stat. Th. 1, 662.—The sup. seems not to occur.—Hence, subst.: summissa, ōrum, n. (acc. to I. A. 3. supra), substitutes (sc. capita), Dig. 7, 1, 70, § 5. —(Sc. verba.) Calm passages, quiet sayings:1.summissa, qualia in epilogis sunt,
Quint. 9, 4, 137.— Adv.: sum-missē ( subm-).Of speech, softly, gently, calmly, not loudly or harshly:2.dicere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 215.— Comp., Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 212 (opp. contentius):sciscitari,
Petr. 105 fin. —Of character, calmly, quietly, modestly, humbly, submissively:alicui summisse supplicare,
Cic. Planc. 5, 12:scribere alicui,
Tac. H. 3, 9 fin.:loqui (opp. aspere),
Quint. 6, 5, 5:agere (opp. minanter),
Ov. A. A. 3, 582.— Comp.:summissius se gerere,
Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90:dolere,
Claud. B. Gild. 247.—No sup.
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